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1. Ross R. McKitrick and Patrick Michaels (2007) – Quantifying the influence of anthropogenic surface processes and inhomogeneities on gridded global climate data – Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) 112, D24, doi:10.1029/2007JD008465 – http://icecap.us/images/uploads/MM.JGR07-background.pdf
   “We conclude that the data contamination likely leads to an overstatement of actual trends over land. Using the regression model to filter the extraneous, nonclimatic effects reduces the estimated 1980–2002 global average temperature trend over land by about half.”
2. James E. Hansen et al (2001) – A closer look at United States and global surface temperature change – Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) 106(D20), 23,947–23,963 – 07/06/2001 – NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies – 8 authors – http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/2001/2001_Hansen_etal.pdf
   “Changes in the GISS analysis subsequent to the documentation by Hansen et al. [1999] are as follows: (1) incorporation of corrections for time-of-observation bias and station history adjustments in the United States based on Easterling et al. [1996a], (2) reclassification of rural, small-town, and urban stations in the United States, southern Canada, and northern Mexico based on satellite measurements of night light intensity [Imhoff et al., 1997], and (3) a more flexible urban adjustment than that employed by Hansen et al. [1999], including reliance on only unlit stations in the United States and rural stations in the rest of the world for determining long-term trends. We find evidence of local human effects (“urban warming”) even in suburban and small-town surface air temperature records, but the effect is modest in magnitude and conceivably could be an artifact of inhomogeneities in the station records.”
3. Thomas C. Peterson (2003) – Assessment of Urban Versus Rural In Situ Surface Temperatures in the Contiguous United States: No Difference Found – Journal of Climate 16:2941-2959 – 15/09/2003 – National Climatic Data Center – http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/wmo/ccl/rural-urban.pdf
   “To remove the biases caused by differences in elevation, latitude, time of observation, instrumentation, and nonstandard siting, a variety of adjustments were applied to the data. The resultant data were the most thoroughly homogenized and the homogeneity adjustments were the most rigorously evaluated and thoroughly documented of any large-scale UHI analysis to date. Using satellite night-lights–derived urban/ rural metadata, urban and rural temperatures from 289 stations in 40 clusters were compared using data from 1989 to 1991. Contrary to generally accepted wisdom, no statistically significant impact of urbanization could be found in annual temperatures. It is postulated that this is due to micro- and local-scale impacts dominating over the mesoscale urban heat island.”
4. David E. Parker – A Demonstration That Large-Scale Warming Is Not Urban – Journal of Climate 19:2882-2895 – 15/06/2006 – Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter – http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1175%2FJCLI3730.1&ct=1
   “The trends of temperature averaged over the selected land stations worldwide are in close agreement with published trends based on much more complete networks, indicating that the smaller selection used here is sufficient for reliable sampling of global trends as well as interannual variations. A small tendency for windy days to have warmed more than other days in winter over Eurasia is the opposite of that expected from urbanization and is likely to be a consequence of atmospheric circulation changes.”
5. Phil Jones et al (2008) – Urbanization effects in large-scale temperature records, with an emphasis on China – Journal of Gepohysical Research (Atmospheres) 113, D16122, doi:10.1029/2008JD009916 – 30/08/2008 – Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia – http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008JD009916.shtml
   “We show that all the land-based data sets for China agree exceptionally well and that their residual warming compared to the SST series since 1951 is relatively small compared to the large-scale warming. Urban-related warming over China is shown to be about 0.1°C decade⁻¹ over the period 1951–2004, with true climatic warming accounting for 0.81°C over this period.”

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