- James E. Hansen – Tipping Point. Perspective of a Climatologist – 2008–2009 State of the Wild – http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/StateOfWild_20080428.pdf
“The predominance of positive feedbacks explains why Earth’s climate has historically undergone large swings: feedbacks work in both directions, amplifying cooling, as well as warming forcings. In the past, feedbacks have caused Earth to be whipsawed between colder and warmer climates, even in response to weak forcings, such as slight changes in the tilt of Earth’s axis.” - John Turner et al (ed.) (2009) – Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment – Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute – ISBN 978-0-948277-22-1 – 555 pp.
“To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system – a collection of interdependent parts or spheres – the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the biosphere and the atmosphere. Understanding how these spheres are connected and how they interact improves our ability to forecast how one or a combination of them may change in response to external forcings caused for example by the advent of volcanic eruptions, solar variability or human activities. One of the remotest parts of the Earth system is Antarctica, a continent larger than either Australia or Europe. We will not be able to fully understand how the Earth system works without comprehensive knowledge of the physical, biological, chemical and geological processes taking place within and above Antarctica and its surrounding Southern Ocean.” - D. S. Ojima, T. G. F. Kittel, T. Rosswall, B. H. Walker (1991) – Critical Issues for Understanding Global Change Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems – Ecological Applications 1:316-325 – August 1991
“Marked alterations in the Earth’s environment have already been observed, and these presage even greater changes as the impact of human (i.e., land use and industrial) activities increases. Direct and indirect feedbacks link terrestrial ecosystems with global change, and include interactions affecting fluxes of water, energy, nutrients, and “greenhouse» gases and affecting ecosystem structure and composition. Community development can affect ecosystem dynamics by altering resource partitioning among biotic components and through changes in structural characteristics, thereby affecting feedbacks to global change. The response of terrestrial ecosystems to the climate-weather system is dependent on the spatial scale of the interactions between these systems and the temporal scale that links the various components.“ - Javier Martín Vide (2008) – La nueva realidad del calentamiento global: Un decálogo del cambio climático – Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 270:23 – 01/08/2008 – Departamento de Geografía Física, Universidad de Barcelona – http://www.ub.edu/gc/Castella/Javier_Martin_Vide.htm
Se presentan diez afirmaciones, que representan diez enfoques o visiones diferentes, sobre el cambio climático, mostrando la compleja interdisciplinariedad de su estudio.” - John Bechhoefer – Feedback for physicists: A tutorial essay on control – Reviews of Modern Physics 77:783-836 – July 2005
“Feedback and control theory are important ideas that should form part of the education of a physicist but rarely do. … [they] are such important concepts that it is odd that they usually find no formal place in the education of physicists … Introductory engineering textbooks … are long (800 pages is typical) … their examples are understandably geared more to the engineers than to the physicist.” - P. Falkowski, R. J. Scholes et al (2000) – The Global Carbon Cycle: A Test of Our Knowledge of Earth as a System – Science 290:291-296 – 13/10/2000 – Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University; Co-chairs of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) Working Group and lead authors
“Our knowledge of the carbon cycle … is sufficiently extensive to permit us to conclude that … there is no natural ‘savior’ waiting to assimilate all the anthropogenically produced CO2 … Our knowledge is insufficient to describe the interactions between the components of the Earth system and the relationship between the carbon cycle and other biogeochemical and climatological processes. Overcoming this limitation requires a systems approach.” - Alessio Alexiadis (2007) – Global warming and human activity: A model for studying the potential instability of the carbon dioxide/temperature feedback mechanism – Ecological Modelling 203:243–256 – UCY-CompSci, European Marie Curie Transfer of Knowledge Center (TOK-DEV) for the Computational Sciences, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Cyprus
“Control theory is used to study the connection between human activities and global warming … The particular feature, which makes the model proposed in this paper different from other global warming models, is the possibility to use control theory in order to analyze the stability of the system … The question that stability analysis can answer is whether it is likely that an external forcing can transform the previous stable and self-regulating mechanism into an unstable and auto-excited system with typical run-away behavior.” - Andrew Jarvis, David Leeda, C. James Taylor and Peter Young (2009) – Stabilizing global mean surface temperature: A feedback control perspective – Environmental Modelling & Software 24:665-674 doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.10.016 – Published online 24/12/2008 – Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University; Engineering Department, Lancaster University; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University; School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney
“Given the inherent dynamic character of this closed-loop problem, we envisage the metrics highlighted in this paper, such as the positioning of closed-loop eigenvalues in the complex plane, should become as much a part of the mitigation debate as metrics derived from more established frameworks.” - Robin Bell – Unquite Ice Speaks Volumes on Global Warming – Scientific American – February 2008 – http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-unquiet-ice
“Predicting future sea-level change from the current climate models greatly underestimates the future contribution of the polar ice sheets to sea-level rise. But updating the models by quantifying the ice movements still demands intensive research efforts. Simply, if glaciologists do not know what goes on at the bottom of the ice sheets, no one can predict how ice sheets will change with time.” - Richard A. Kerr (2009) – Amid Worrisome Signs of Warming, ‘Climate Fatigue’ Sets In – Science 326:926-928 – 13/11/2009
“Most of UNEP’s other ‘sooner-than-expected’ climate effects—from ocean acidification to shifts in ocean circulation—have likewise failed to heighten concern among more guarded scientists. The lone exception, says glaciologist and IPCC author Richard Alley of Pennsylvania State University, University Park, is dwindling ice. The cryosphere—both floating sea ice and ice sheets on land—is reacting to the warming faster than IPCC projected, Alley says.” - Jay W. Forrester – Learning Trough System Dynamics as a Preparation for the 21st Century – Keynote Address for Systems Thinking and Dynamic Modeling Conference for K-12 Education at Concord Academy – 27-29/06/1994
- Spencer Weart – Biosphere: How Life Alters Climate. The Discovery Of Global Warming – July 2007 – http://www.aip.org/history/climate
“During the first half of the 20th century, they studied climate as a system of mechanical physics and mineral chemistry, churning along heedless of the planet’s thin film of living organisms. Then around 1960, evidence of a rise in carbon dioxide showed that at least one species, could indeed alter global climate—humanity.” - Timothy M. Lenton (2002) – Testing Gaia: The Effect of Life on Earth’s Habitability and Regulation – Climatic Change 52: 409–422 – Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik
“Theoretical principles suggest that regulation is a probable outcome of life-environment coupling, and on Earth it appears that there may be an innate tendency for regulatory properties to accumulate and strengthen as the biota evolves.” - Declaración de Amsterdam – European Geophysical Union, 2001
- Steve Milloy – ‘Thank Gaia for Steve Milloy…’ – Green Hell Blog 19/06/2009 – http://greenhellblog.com/2009/06/19/thank-gaia-for-steve-milloy/
“… so begins Peter Foster’s National Post review of Milloy’s new book, Green Hell: How Environmentalists Plan to Control your Life and What You Can Do to Stop Them.” - James Lovelock (2006) – The Revenge of Gaia – Edició en català sota el títol: La venjança de Gaia – Columna Edicions, 2007 – 260 pp – ISBN: 978-84-6640792-2
“Si en el seu moment no hagués entès la Terra d’aquesta manera potser hauríem continuat sent ‘científicament correctes’, però mancats de clarividència pel que fa a la seva essència real.”
[…] changes in the tilt of Earth’s axis.[1]” – James Hansen, climatólogo jefe de la NASA 2009 (1) Componentes y subcomponentes del sistema climático de la Tierra (Fuente: IPCC, […]
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