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1. David M. Hart and David G. Victor (1993) – Elites and the Making of US Policy for Climate Change Research, 1957-74 – Social Studies of Science 23: 643-680 DOI: 10.1177/030631293023004002 – Peer-reviewed
   “This hesitancy is interesting. After all, Revelle had noted in his 1957 testimony that a 20% rise in CO2 (which could be expected by about 2000) could cause ‘considerable change’ in the climate … A 1982 retrospective by a high official of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) commented, ‘It is rather surprising that during the 1960s no more interest was shown in expanding monitoring of atmospheric CO2 to other remote places on the globe’. Furthermore, the Kennedy Administration had a demonstrated interest in meteorology … atmospheric models, although they were crude in the early 1960s, pointed in an alarming direction … the mid-1960s appears to have been a fallow period in the scientific history of the greenhouse effect … Very little new scientific information about the prospects of global warming was produced between the late 1960s and early 1970s.”
2. Lyndon B. Johnson’s – Special Message to the Congress on Conservation and Restoration of Natural Beauty – 08/02/1965 – http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=27285
   “Large-scale pollution of air and waterways is no respecter of political boundaries, and its effects extend far beyond those who cause it. Air pollution is no longer confined to isolated places. This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale through radioactive materials and a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.”
3. Jules G. Charney et al (1979) – Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment – Report of an Ad Hoc Study Group on Carbon Dioxide and Climate – National Academy of Sciences, USA – Peer-reviewed
   “The close linkage between man’s welfare and the climatic regime within which his society has evolved suggests that such climatic changes would have profound impacts on human society.”
4. Naomí Oreskes – Presentación: The Denial of Global Warming – University of California, San Diego – 13/03/2008 – http://www.aip.org/history/powerpoints/GlobalWarming_Oreskes.ppt
   “JASON: Reclusive committee of elite scientists (mostly physicists), founded in 1960s to advise U.S. government on science and technology. Many very famous members: Freeman Dyson, Richard Garwin, Hans Bethe.”
5. Naomi Oreskes and Jonathan Renouf – Jason and the secret climate change war – The Sunday Times – The Sunday Times 07/09/2008 – http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article4690900.ece
   “A shadowy scientific elite codenamed Jason warned the US about global warming 30 years ago but was sidelined for political convenience  … So the Jasons (as they style themselves) were born; a self-selected group of brilliant minds free to think the unthinkable in the knowledge that their work was classified. Membership was by invitation only and they are indeed the cream. Of the roughly 100 Jasons over the years, 11 have won Nobel prizes and 43 have been elected to the US National Academy of Sciences.
6. Ann Finkbeiner – The Jasons: The Secret History of Science’s Postwar Elite – Research Channel (Video) 0:59:29 – 10/04/2007 – Science Writing, Johns Hopkins University – http://www.researchchannel.org/prog/displayevent.aspx?rID=11250&fID=2777 «Working in secrecy to solve highly classified problems for the Department of Defense, CIA, and NSA is an elite group of scientific advisors who provide the government with analyses on defense and arms control and they call themselves Jason. Named for the hero in Jason and the Argonauts, the group grew out of the Manhattan Project and counts as its members scientists such as Freeman Dyson and Murray Gell-Mann.»
7. Berkeley Sespa et al (1972) – Science Against The People: The Elite Group of Academic Scientists Who, As Technical Consultants To The Pentagon, Have Developed The Latest Weapon Against Peoples’ Liberation Struggles: «Automated Warfare» – Scientists and Engineers for Social and Political Action –http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~schwrtz/SftP/Jason.html
   “The overall involvement of scientists with government is an enormous subject.  The issue is posed perhaps most sharply by the Jason group, an elite panel within the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA).  The President’s Science Advisory Committee (PSAC), which works directly for the President, is still more select than Jason and presumably more influential.  But in Jason, we see long-range strategic advice to the Department of Defense associated with the symbols of academic science.  The forty-odd members of Jason include some of the very best known physicists in America, working at the most prestigious universities.  While maintaining their public personalities as esteemed professors, they have been quietly helping the Department of Defense with — with what?  They are «not free to answer.»
8. Naomí Oreskes – Presentación: The Denial of Global Warming – University of California, San Diego – 13/03/2008 – http://www.aip.org/history/powerpoints/GlobalWarming_Oreskes.ppt
   “JASON: Reclusive committee of elite scientists (mostly physicists), founded in 1960s to advise U.S. government on science and technology. Many very famous members: Freeman Dyson, Richard Garwin, Hans Bethe.”
9. Berkeley Sespa et al (1972) – Science Against The People: The Elite Group of Academic Scientists Who, As Technical Consultants To The Pentagon, Have Developed The Latest Weapon Against Peoples’ Liberation Struggles: «Automated Warfare» – Scientists and Engineers for Social and Political Action – http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~schwrtz/SftP/Jason.html
   “At an international symposium on physics held in Trieste in September, five Jason physicists (Professors Wigner, Wheeler, Townes, Weinberg, and Montroll) were confronted by 300 persons who denounced them as war criminals.  The only response by the five came from Professor Wigner, who said, ‘I am flattered by your accusations.  They are compliments for me’.”
10. Peter Zimmerman (2006) – An Elite Source of Advice – Science 314:1586-1587 – 15/12/2006 – Department of War Studies, King’s College London – Peer-reviewed
    “Among the earliest scientists recruited to the group were Marvin (“Murph”) Goldberger, Murray Gell-Mann, and Kenneth Watson. Eleven present and future Nobel Laureates would join over the years. Jason is quietly approaching its 50th birthday, and yet it seems to be almost unknown, even among the science community—and, more remarkably, even among the media that cover the Defense Department.”
11. Gordon MacDonald – Biographical Memoirs V.84 – Office of the Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences, 2004 – ISBN: 0-309-52419-9, 426 pages – http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10992.html
    “In 1969, it seemed plausible that our activities could either lead to a disastrous ice age or to an equally disastrous melting of the polar ice caps. Interest in the topic mushroomed, and, as a member of the JASON committee, and through the MITRE Corporation, I undertook a series of studies, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, which convinced me that the scientific basis for the greenhouse effect was sound.”
12. Myanna Lahsen (2008) – Experiences of modernity in the greenhouse: A cultural analysis of a physicist ‘trio’ supporting the backlash against global warming – Global Environmental Change 18:204–219 – Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Colorado, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Epaciais (INPE), Sao José dos Campos, Brazil – Peer-reviewed
    “Another member of the Board of Directors is the physicist William Happer. Happer is also a chairman of JASON, a group of which Seitz and Nierenberg also are/were members.”
13. Berkeley Sespa et al (1972) – Science Against The People: The Elite Group of Academic Scientists Who, As Technical Consultants To The Pentagon, Have Developed The Latest Weapon Against Peoples’ Liberation Struggles: «Automated Warfare» – Scientists and Engineers for Social and Political Action – http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~schwrtz/SftP/Jason.html
    “IDA’s current recruiting brochure lists many technical areas of activity.  Included are: Tactical Systems, Strategic Systems, Sea Warfare, Weapons Effects, Missile Defense, Strategic Offensive and Defensive Systems, Military Force Application Studies, Economic Analysis, Strategic Missile Survivability and Penetration, Nuclear Effects, Regional Security Studies, Political-Military Analyses, Government Organization and Crisis Management, Advanced Sensors, Climate Modification, Laser Technology, Advanced Avionics…”
14. The Pentagon Papers, New York Times version, Quadrangle Books, New York, 1971.  Senator Gravel Edition, (Vol. IV), Beacon Press, Boston, 1971 – http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/subjects/p/pentagon_papers/index.html
15. Naomi Oreskes and Jonathan Renouf – Jason and the secret climate change war – The Sunday Times – The Sunday Times 07/09/2008 – http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article4690900.ece
    “In 1977 they got to work on global warming. There was one potential problem. Only a few of them knew anything about climatology. To get a better understanding they relocated for a few days to Boulder, Colorado, the base for NCAR – the National Center for Atmospheric Research – where they heard the latest information on climate change. Then, being physicists, they went back to first principles and decided to build a model of the climate system.”
16. Gordon MacDonald, Thomas M. Malone et al (1964) – Scientific Problems of Weather Modification – A report of the Panel on Weather and Climate Modification, Committee on Atmospheric Sciences – National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council – Publication 1236, NAS Press, Washington DC – University of California at Los Angeles – Peer-reviewed
    “Inadvertent weather modification … caused by CO2 from burning fossil fuels.»
17. Naomi Oreskes – The American Denial of Global Warming – University of California Television – 20/12/2007 – 58:37 – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2T4UF_Rmlio&feature=channel
    “Several scientists, including MacDonald concerned about long term implications of dramatically increased coal use. Committee’s Goal: to understand climate change in terms of ‘basic principles’ of ‘radiative equilibrium and energy budgets’.”
18. Naomi Oreskes – The Long Consensus on Climate Change – The Washington Post 01/02/2007 – http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/31/AR2007013101808.html
    “In a special message to Congress in February 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson noted: “This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale through . . . a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.” A second warning came in 1966 … geophysicist Gordon MacDonald, who later served on President Richard Nixon’s Council on Environmental Quality … MacDonald’s committee concluded that increased carbon dioxide might also lead to “inadvertent weather modification.’ In 1978, Robert M. White … later president of the National Academy of Engineering, put it this way: ‘carbon dioxide released … can have consequences for climate that pose a considerable threat to future society.’”
19. Gordon MacDonald – Biographical Memoirs V.84 – Office of the Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences, 2004 – ISBN: 0-309-52419-9, 426 pages – http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10992.html
    “In 1969, it seemed plausible that our activities could either lead to a disastrous ice age or to an equally disastrous melting of the polar ice caps. Interest in the topic mushroomed, and, as a member of the JASON committee, and through the MITRE Corporation, I undertook a series of studies, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, which convinced me that the scientific basis for the greenhouse effect was sound.”
20. Robert White (NOAA, ed.) – Energy and Climate: Studies in Geophysics (1977) – Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences – Peer-reviewed
    “One lesson we have been learning is that the time required for transition from one major source to another is several decades. We cannot make major mistakes and expect to rectify them quickly. Thus it is important to examine carefully the potential long-term effects of our energy policies … Our best understanding of the relation between an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and change in global temperature suggests a corresponding increase in average world temperature of more than 6°C, with polar temperature increases of as much as three times this figure.”
21. Robert White (1978) – First administrator of NOAA and later President of the National Academy of Engineering – Oceans and Climate: An Introduction – pp. 2-3
    “We now understand that industrial wastes, such as carbon dioxide released during the burning of fossil fuels, can have consequences for climate that pose a considerable threat to future society.  … Experiences … have demonstrated the consequences of even modest fluctuations in climatic conditions [and] lent a new urgency to the study of climate.… The scientific problems are formidable, the technological problems, unprecedented, and the potential economic and social impacts, ominous.”
22. Naomi Oreskes and Jonathan Renouf – Jason and the secret climate change war – The Sunday Times – The Sunday Times 07/09/2008 – http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article4690900.ece
    “Officially it was called Features of Energy-Budget Climate Models: An Example of Weather-Driven Climate Stability, but it was dubbed the Jason Model of the World.”
23. Naomí Oreskes – Presentación: The Denial of Global Warming – University of California, San Diego – 13/03/2008 – http://www.aip.org/history/powerpoints/GlobalWarming_Oreskes.ppt
    “[Jason] built two models: Computer model–> 2.8 ºC average global increase ; Analytic model –> 2.4 ºC average, but with large zonal differences, up to 10-12o C at poles. Emphasized “Polar amplification” (Manabe and co-workers): Predicted that warming effect of 4- 5x as great at poles as global mean.”
24. Naomi Oreskes and Jonathan Renouf – Jason and the secret climate change war – The Sunday Times – The Sunday Times 07/09/2008 – http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article4690900.ece
    “In 1979 they produced their report: coded JSR-78-07 and entitled The Long Term Impact of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Climate. Now, with the benefit of hind-sight, it is remarkable how prescient it was.“
25. Naomi Oreskes and Jonathan Renouf – Jason and the secret climate change war – The Sunday Times – The Sunday Times 07/09/2008 – http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article4690900.ece
    “Right on the first page, the Jasons predicted that carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere would double from their preindustrial levels by about 2035. Today it’s expected this will happen by about 2050. They suggested that this doubling of carbon dioxide would lead to an average warming across the planet of 2-3C. Again, that’s smack in the middle of today’s predictions. They warned that polar regions would warm by much more than the average, perhaps by as much as 10 ºC or 12 ºC. That prediction is already coming true.”
26. E. O. Hulburt (1931) – The Temperature of the Lower Atmosphere of the Earth – Physical Review 38:1876-1890 – 15/11/1931 – http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v38/i10/p1876_1
    “Calculation shows that doubling or tripling the amount of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases the average [surface] temperature by about 4º and 7 ºK respectively…”
27. Guy Steward Callendar – The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature – 16/02/1938 – Peer-reviewed
    “The dotted line shows the displacement of the mean due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, and it is evident that present temperatures, particularly in the northern hemisphere, are running above the calculated values. The course of the temperature during the next twenty years should afford valuable evidence as to the accuracy of the calculated effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide.”
28. Jason (1979) – Long-term impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide on climate – Commissioned by U.S. Department of Energy – Peer-reviewed
    “At current fossil fuel use rates, atmospheric CO2 likely to double by 2035 … This would “perturb… climate by altering the radiative properties of the atmosphere … A plethora of studies from diverse sources indicates a consensus that climate changes will result from man’s combustion of fossil fuels and changes in land use.”
29. Jules G. Charney et al (1979) – Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment – Report of an Ad Hoc Study Group on Carbon Dioxide and Climate – National Academy of Sciences, USA – Peer-reviewed
    “We conclude that the predictions of CO2 induced climate changes made with the various models examined are basically consistent and mutually supporting … If the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere is indeed doubled … our best estimate is that changes in global temperature of the order of 3 ºC will occur”
30. Roger Revelle – Science: One Big Greenhouse – Time 28/05/1956 – http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,937403,00.html
    “If the blanket of CO2 produces a temperature rise of only one or two degrees, a chain of secondary effects may come into play. As the air gets warmer, sea water will get warmer too, and CO2 dissolved in it will return to the atmosphere.… possibly raising the temperature enough to melt the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland, which would flood the earth’s coastal lands.  …Dr. Revelle has not reached the stage of warning against this catastrophe, but he and other geophysicists intend to keep watching and recording. During the International Geophysical Year (1957-58), teams of scientists will take inventory of the earth’s CO2 … When all their data have been studied, they may be able to predict whether man’s factory chimneys and auto exhausts will eventually cause salt water to flow in the streets of New York and London.”
31. Roger Revelle and Charles David Keeling (1965) – Restoring the Quality of Our Environment – Report of the Environmental Pollution Panel, Presidents Science Advisory Committee (PSAC), The White House – December 1965 – p. 9 – Peer-reviewed
    «…by the year 2000 there will be about 25% more CO2 in our atmosphere than at present [and] this will modify the heat balance of the atmosphere to such an extent that marked changes in climate, not controllable through local or even national efforts, could occur.»
32. Charles D. Keeling – Is Carbon Dioxide From Fossil Fuel Changing Man’s Environment? – Symposium on Atmospheric Pollution: Its Long-term Implications – 25/04/1969 – Proceedings of The American Philosophical Society 114:10-17 – 01/0271970 – Professor of Oceanography, Scripps Institution of Oceanography – Peer-reviewed – http://onramp.nsdl.org/eserv/onramp:16512/n12.Keeling1970-fin.pdf
    “Have you noticed that practically all master plans do not project beyond the year 2000 A.D.? Our college students, however, today expect, or at least nourish the hope, to live beyond that date, and I predict that they will be the first generation to feel such strong concern for man’s future that they will discover means of effective action. This action may be less pleasant and rational than the corrective measures that we promote today, but thirty years from now, if present trends are any sign, mankind’s world, I judge, will be in greater immediate danger than it is today, and immediate corrective measures, if such exist, will be closer at hand. If the human race survives into the twenty-first century with the vast population increase that now seems inevitable, the people living then, along with their other troubles, may also face the threat of climatic change brought about by an uncontrolled increase in atmospheric CO2 from fossil fuels.”
33. Naomí Oreskes – Presentación: The Denial of Global Warming – University of California, San Diego – 13/03/2008 – http://www.aip.org/history/powerpoints/GlobalWarming_Oreskes.ppt
    “Scientists from around the world have sounded a global warning. The United States and other nations must act now to slow the growing accumulation of carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse” trace gases that may cause global climate change on a scale and pace unprecedented in human history…”  – Bennett Johnston, D -LA, and Tim Wirth, D-CO – 13/07/2008 – SIO Archives, Roger Revelle Papers (1929-1991) Box 19, Folder Correspondence July 1988.”
34. Steven Bernstein (2002) – The Compromise of Liberal Environmentalism – Columbia University Press, New York – ISBN: 0-231-120937-0 – 329 pp.
    “The Earth Summit institutionalized one major pathway from Brundtland. It entrenched the idea that market forces can be compatible with environmental protection and that a liberal economic order is best suited to achieving environment and development goals.”
35. Walter H. Munk (1997) – Tribute to Roger Revelle and his contribution to studies of carbon dioxide and climate change – Colloquium Paper presented at a colloquium entitled ‘Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change’ organized by Charles D. Keeling – National Academy of Sciences, Irvine – 13–15/11/1995 – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences PNAS 94: 8275–8279 – August 1997 – Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California at San Diego – Peer-reviewed
    “The chairman of the University of California Board of Regents at the time was the oil magnate Edwin Pauley … In 1961, when it came time to appoint the first chancellor, the Regents selected Herbert York. It was a major blow to Roger, reminiscent of the long delays in his appointment as Scripps Director.”

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