Usted no se lo cree

Texto de referencia

1. Keynyn Brysse et al (2013) – Climate change prediction: Erring on the side of least drama? – Global Environmental Change 23:327–337 doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.008 – 01/11/2012 – Program in Science, Technology and Society, Office of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Alberta – 4 autores
   “The available evidence suggests that scientists have in fact been conservative in their projections of the impacts of climate change …We also note the less frequent manifestation of over-prediction of key characteristics of climate in such assessments. We suggest, therefore, that scientists are biased not toward alarmism but rather the reverse: toward cautious estimates, where we define caution as erring on the side of less rather than more alarming predictions. We call this tendency “erring on the side of least drama (ESLD).”
2. Stephan Lewandowsky et al (2015) – Seepage: Climate change denial and its effect on the scientific community – Global Environmental Change 33:1–13 doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.02.013 – 15/05/2015 – University of Bristol + University of Western Australia – 5 autores
   “Vested interests and political agents have long opposed political or regulatory action in response to climate change by appealing to scientific uncertainty. Here we examine the effect of such contrarian talking points on the scientific community itself. We show that although scientists are trained in dealing with uncertainty, there are several psychological reasons why scientists may nevertheless be susceptible to uncertainty-based argumentation, even when scientists recognize those arguments as false and are actively rebutting them … We offer ways in which the scientific community can detect and avoid such inadvertent seepage.”
3. Jaume Josa i Pons – Durban, dia 12. El dia més llarg i amb bones notícies – Ara – Blogs – Canvi climàtic – 11/12/2011 – http://emprenem.ara.cat/canviclimatic/2011/12/11/durba-dia-12-el-dia-mes-llarg-i-amb-bones-noticies/
   “Es recull en el document que les promeses de reducció d’emissions fins a 2020 siguin consistents en tenir una possibilitat raonable de mantenir l’augment de temperatura global per sota dels 2 C o 1,5 C, per damunt del nivell de temperatura que teníem abans d’iniciar l’era industrial.”
4. Climate Change 2014 – IPCC Synthesis Report – http://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/SYR_AR5_LONGERREPORT.pdf
5. Kevin Anderson (2015) – Duality in climate science – Nature Geoscience 8:898–900 doi:10.1038/ngeo2559 – 12/10/2015 – Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Manchester – http://goo.gl/gbWEWD
   “The remaining budget for energy-only emissions over the period 2015-2100 for a ‘likely’ chance of staying below 2 ºC is about 650 GtCO2. A carbon budget this tight suggests a profoundly more challenging time frame and rate of mitigation than tipically asserted by many in the scientific community … global mitigation rates must rapidly ratched up to around 10% per year by 2025, contnuing at such a rate towards the virtual elimination of CO2 from the energy system by 2050.”
6. Céline Guivarch and Stéphane Hallegatte (2012) – 2C or not 2C? – Global Environmental Change 23:179–192 doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.006 – 08/11/2012 – Centre International de Recherche sur l’Environnement et le Développement; Ecole Nationale de la Météorologie, Météo-France
   “Historical experience also provides useful references. For instance, the 4.6 percent per year rate of mean annual CO2 emissions reductions from 1980 to 1985 in France (horizontal line n82) corresponds to the country’s most rapid phase of nuclear plant deployment. According to WRI-CAIT data, it is the highest rate of CO2 emissions reductions historically observed in any industrialized country over a five-year period, excluding the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States during the years of economic recession that followed the collapse of the former Soviet Union.”
7. Michael Dittmar (2013) – The end of cheap uranium – Science of The Total Environment 461-462:792–798 doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.035 – 16/05/2013 – Institute of Particle Physics, ETH Zurich
   “Using this model for all larger existing and planned uranium mines up to 2030, a global uranium mining peak of at most 58 ± 4 ktons around the year 2015 is obtained. Thereafter we predict that uranium mine production will decline to at most 54 ± 5 ktons by 2025 and, with the decline steepening, to at most 41 ± 5 ktons around 2030. This amount will not be sufficient to fuel the existing and planned nuclear power plants during the next 10–20 years.”
8. Alèxia L. Ferret – Niño Becerra: «La independència ja no depèn dels polítics espanyols, sinó dels inversors internacionals» – El Món – 23/11/2015 – http://www.mon.cat/cat/notices/2015/11/nino_becerra_la_independencia_ja_no_depen_dels_politics_espanyols_sino_que_depen_dels_grans_grups_153830.php –
   “Quan comencin a haver-hi retallades, l’esperança de vida baixarà. Això ja es va veure a Rússia. Quan va desaparèixer la Unió Soviètica, la sanitat es va enfonsar. En 6 anys, l’esperança de vida en va baixar 5. És una passada. A les ciutats grans apareixeran guetos, inclús amb separacions físiques.”
9. Jennifer Balmer – Soviet collapse was bad for wildlife – Science News doi:10.1126/science.aaa6362 – 16/01/2015 – http://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2015/01/soviet-collapse-was-bad-wildlife
   “The analysis uncovered major changes in population growth; with the exception of wolves, all species experienced a drop in population growth rates immediately following the collapse, and three species—wild boar, moose, and brown bears—exhibited significant reductions in population growth throughout the decade following the collapse, with declines evident in 85% or more of the study regions.”
10. David Murphy (2010) – New Perspectives on the Energy Return on (Energy) Investment (EROI) of Corn Ethanol: Part 2 of 2 – The Oil Drum, 09/08/2010 – College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York – http://netenergy.theoildrum.com/pdf/theoildrum_6761.pdf
    “The EROI values for counties with biorefineries ranged from 0.64 in Stark, North Dakota, to 1.18 in Phillips, Kansas. Our analysis of 127 biorefineries indicated that of 31.6 billion liters of ethanol produced in the United States, only 1.6 billion liters were net energy (roughly 5%). As a point of comparison, of the 136 billion liters of gasoline consumed in 2009, roughly 122 billion liters (90%) were net energy, assuming that the 136 billion liters were produced at an EROI of 10 (Cleveland 2005).”
11. Carlos de Castro et al (2014) – A top-down approach to assess physical and ecological limits of biofuels – Energy 64:506–512 doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.049 – 09/11/2013 – Department of Applied Physics, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid – 5 autores
    “The aim of this article is to analyse the physical and ecological limits of biofuels (in particular, ethanol). To this end, three aspects are discussed … We conclude that when the set of estimated parameters has been analysed, there exist reasonable doubts concerning the use of biofuels on a regional and global scale, so they should not, in principle, be promoted as a renewable energy source, nor is it desirable on such a scale.”
12. Paul C. West et al (2010) – Trading carbon for food: Global comparison of carbon stocks vs. crop yields on agricultural land – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences PNAS 107:19645-19648 doi:10.1073/pnas.1011078107 – 16/11/2010 – Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin – 7 autores
    “Expanding croplands to meet the needs of a growing population, changing diets, and biofuel production comes at the cost of reduced carbon stocks in natural vegetation and soils. Here, we present a spatially explicit global analysis of tradeoffs between carbon stocks and current crop yields. The difference among regions is striking.”
13. Sarang D. Supekar and Steven J. Skerlo (2015) – Reassessing the Efficiency Penalty from Carbon Capture in Coal-Fired Power Plants – Environmental Science and Technology 49: 12576-12584 doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b03052 – 30/09/2015 – Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan
    “We find that, depending on the source of heat used to meet the steam requirements in the capture unit, retrofitting a PC power plant that maintains its gross power output (compared to a PC power plant without a capture unit) can cause a drop in plant thermal efficiency of 11.3–22.9%-points.”
14. Christine Ehlig-Economides and Michael J. Economides (2010) – Sequestering carbon dioxide in a closed underground volume – Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 70:123-130 doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2009.11.002 – 28/04/2010 – Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas A&M University; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston – http://twodoctors.org/manual/economides.pdf 
    “The implications of this work are profound. A simple analytical model shows immediate results very similar to those that take hours to produce with numerical simulation. Much more important, the work shows that models that assume a constant pressure outer boundary for reservoirs intended for CO2 sequestration are missing the critical point that the reservoir pressure will build up under injection at constant rate. Instead of the 1–4% of bulk volume storability factor indicated prominently in the literature, which is based on erroneous steady state modeling, our finding is that CO2 can occupy no more than 1% of the pore volume and likely as much as 100 times less.”
15. Björn Nykvist (2013) – Ten times more difficult: Quantifying the carbon capture and storage challenge – Energy Policy 55:683–689 doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.12.026 – 19/01/2013 – Stockholm Environment Institute + Stockholm Resilience Centre
    “The challenges, or alternatively put, the level of commitment needed in order for CCS to contribute significantly, are an order magnitude greater than often recognized. The interpretation is that policy makers must either increase their efforts substantially to close this gap, or, consider CCS as an option for mitigation only in the long term.”
16. Jonathan Watts – Carbon capture progress has lost momentum, says energy agency – The Guardian, 22/09/2011 – http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/sep/22/carbon-capture-and-storage-energy
    “Projects to capture and bury a major chunk of that are behind schedule and finding it harder to secure funds. To reach the 2C goal, the IEA estimates there will have to be 1,500 large-scale CCS projects around the world by 2035. However, only 74 have been announced, and the trend is in the wrong direction.”
17. The Carbon Brief Interview: Jeremy Bentham – Carbon Brief – 14/10/2015 – Vice president global business environment for Shell – http://www.carbonbrief.org/the-carbon-brief-interview-jeremy-bentham/
    “Bentham on carbon capture and storage (CCS): “If you look at the depth of CCS investments that is required, that is quite a feasible amount of investment”. On recent CCS progress: ‘I would say it is disappointing, in terms of what we really need to achieve over the coming decades, if we’re going to address those particular challenges of emissions.” On whether 2C is politically and socially plausible:“[2C scenarios] have become less plausible…the kind of policy and regulatory developments that needed to take place, haven’t taken place’.”
18. Roger Revelle and Hans Suess (1957) – Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between Atmosphere and Ocean and the Question of an Increase of Atmospheric CO2 during the Past Decades – Tellus 9:18-27 – 04/09/1956 – http://bit.ly/wnh5FT
    “Human beings are now carrying out a large scale geophysical experiment of a kind that could not happened in the past nor be reproduced in the future … This experiment, if adequately documented, may yield a far-reaching insight into the processes determining weather and climate.”
19. Antonio Turiel – Post de resumen: Los límites de las renovables – The Oil Crash, 28/08/2014 – Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – http://crashoil.blogspot.com.es/2014/08/post-de-resumen-los-limites-de-las.html
    “Debido a la necesidad recurrente de referirse a los diversos artículos que contiene el blog sobre las limitaciones que afectan a los sistemas de generación de energía renovable que más se están discutiendo hoy en día, es decir, el fotovoltaico y el eólico, he agrupado en este post de resumen los enlaces a los artículos donde se detallan estos extremos. Cabe insistir en que estamos hablando de producción de electricidad en escala industrial, necesaria para mantener nuestra sociedad en su formato actual. Límites a la energía renovable: Capital Materiales Limitaciones de espacio para la eólica Limitaciones de espacio para la fotovoltaica Máximo potencial de la eólica Baja TRE de la fotovoltaica ¿Son la energía nuclear y la de origen renovable meras extensiones de los combustibles fósiles?”
20. Carlos de Castro Carranza – Las renovables y sus límites – Grupo de Energía, Economía y Dinámica de Sistemas, 30/10/2015 – – http://www.eis.uva.es/energiasostenible/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/limites-renovables-sevill.pdf
    “Pese a todos los males causados (acidificación, cambio climático, guerras, etc.), la Revolución Industrial y post-industrial ha sido posible porque hemos alimentado nuestras ciudades y casas con fuentes energéticas dos órdenes de magnitud más densas que las infraestructuras que queríamos alimentar, incluso las infraestructuras de mayor consumo (supermercados, rascacielos) disipan menos potencia energética por metro cuadrado. Desde este punto de vista fue relativamente fácil. En cambio queremos, sin cambiar radicalmente el sistema de demanda, alimentarlo con energías verdes que tienen por desgracia uno o dos órdenes de magnitud menos densidad energética que lo que queremos alimentar. En un mundo ya lleno, esto suena heroico si no imposible.”
21. D. Weißbach et al (2013) – Energy intensities, EROIs (energy returned on invested), and energy payback times of electricity generating power plants – Energy 52:210–221 doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.029 – 13/03/2013 – Institut für Festkörper-Kernphysik gGmbH + Instytut Fizyki, Wydział Matematyczno-Fizyczny, Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Poland – 6 autores
    “Nuclear, “renewable” and fossil energy are comparable on a uniform physical basis; Energy storage is considered for the calculation, reducing the ERoEI remarkably; All power systems generate more energy than they consume; Photovoltaics, biomass and wind (buffered) are below the economical threshold.»
22. Carlos de Castro Carranza – Las renovables y sus límites – Grupo de Energía, Economía y Dinámica de Sistemas, Universidad de Valladolid, 30/10/2015 – http://www.eis.uva.es/energiasostenible/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/limites-renovables-sevill.pdf
    “En la literatura científica sigue sin reconocerse que el potencial eólico se ha exagerado sistemáticamente (y se sigue haciendo) al menos en un factor 10. Se llega al extremo de que los potenciales tecnológicos factibles publicados y muchas veces citados violan principios básicos de la física como el principio de conservación de la energía o el principio de la cantidad de movimiento.”
23. William R. Catton Jr. (1980) – Overshoot: The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change – University of Illinois Press (revised edition) – Professor of Sociology, Washington State University – ISBN-13: 978-0252009884 – 320 Págs. – http://www.skidmore.edu/~rscarce/Soc-Th-Env/Env%20Theory%20PDFs/Catton–Overshoot.pdf
    “… our lifestyles, mores, institutions, patterns of interaction, values, and expectations are shaped by a cultural heritage that was formed in a time when carrying capacity exceeded the human load. A cultural heritage can outlast the conditions that produced it. That carrying capacity surplus is gone now, eroded both by population increase and immense technological enlargement of per capita resource appetites and environmental impacts. Human life is now being lived in an era of deepening carrying capacity deficit. All of the familiar aspects of human societal life are under compelling pressure to change in this new era when the load increasingly exceeds the carrying capacities of many local regions—and of a finite planet. Social disorganization, friction, demoralization, and conflict will escalate.”
24. Kevin Anderson (2015) – Duality in climate science – Nature Geoscience 8:898–900 doi:10.1038/ngeo2559 – 12/10/2015 – Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Manchester – http://goo.gl/gbWEWD
25. Inaki Bárcena y col. (2015) – Citado en la conferencia Transición energética en Euskal Herria: Sostenibilidad y Democracia Energética – Curso de verano UAM Vivir (bien) con menos Explorando las sociedades pospetróleo – Madrid, 02/09/2015
26. Ibid
27. Hans Joachim Schellnhuber (2008) – Global warming: Stop worrying, start panicking? – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences PNAS 105:14239-14240 doi:10.1073/pnas.0807331105 – 23/09/2008 – Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    “The likelihood of global warming even beyond the 2.4°C margin in the 21st century is frustratingly high … The resulting expectations for the planetary temperature clearly qualify for DAI … No conceivable international CO2-reduction strategy (including the one hoped to transpire from the COP15 negotiations in Copenhagen next year) could possibly avoid that the planet will enter the DAI zone, where largely unmanageable climate impacts (like sea-level rise in the multimeter range) lurk. All we can do is to limit the warming in excess of the 2.4°C. In the real world, some aerosol emissions will be harder to reduce than others: whereas sulfate aerosols might face a quick decline, ammonium or nitrogen oxides might not.”
28. Béatrice Cointe et al (2011) – 2 ºC: the history of a policy-science nexus – Institut du développement durable et des relations internationales (IDDRI) Working Papers N°19/11 – 01/12/2011 – IDDRI – http://www.climateemergencyinstitute.com/uploads/2C_history.pdf – 3 autores
    “The growing presence of the 2°C target resulted from the joint efforts of the scientific and political spheres to give structure to the debate, each enriching and exchanging with the other. This progression gave the 2°C target a meaning that varied according to the different contexts in which it was used. It thus became the interface between mitigation and adaptation, between scientific and political discourses and between the interests of the Parties.”
29. James Hansen (2013) – An Old Story, but Useful Lessons – Columbia University, 26/09/2013 – http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2013/20130926_PTRSpaperDiscussion.pdf
    “In my opinion, multi-meter sea level rise will occur this century, if the huge business-as-usual climate forcing actually occurs. I have described in prior papers reasons to expect non-linear rapid ice sheet response, if ocean warming melts the ice shelves now buttressing the ice sheets. I expect the new IPCC report will only begin to inch toward that answer.”
30. Katherine Richardson et al (2009) – Synthesis Report from Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions – International Scientific Congress Climate Change – 12/03/2009 – University of Copenhagen – http://www.climatecongress.ku.dk – 12 autores
    “A 2 ºC guardrail, which was thought in 2001 to have avoided serious risks for all five reasons for concern, is now inadequate to avoid serious risks to many unique and threatened ecosystems and to avoid a large increase in the risks associated with extreme weather events. Third, the risks of large scale discontinuities, such as the tipping elements described above, were considered to be very low in 2001 for a 2 ºC increase but are now considered to be moderate for the same increase. In summary, although a 2 ºC rise in temperature above pre-industrial remains the most commonly quoted guardrail for avoiding dangerous climate change, it nevertheless carries significant risks of deleterious impacts for society and the environment.”
31. James E. Hansen and Makiko Sato (2011) – Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made Climate Change – En: Climate Change: Inferences from Paleoclimate and Regional Aspects. A. Berger, F. Mesinger, and D. Šijački, Eds. Springer (In press) – 20/07/2011 – NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies + Columbia University Earth Institute – http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2011/20110118_MilankovicPaper.pdf
    “We conclude that Earth in the warmest interglacial periods was less than 1°C warmer than in the Holocene and that goals of limiting human-made warming to 2°C and CO2 to 450 ppm are prescriptions for disaster…Rapid reduction of fossil fuel emissions is required for humanity to succeed in preserving a planet resembling the one on which civilization developed.”
32. Keynyn Brysse et al (2013) – Climate change prediction: Erring on the side of least drama? – Global Environmental Change 23:327–337 doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.008 – 01/11/2012 – Program in Science, Technology and Society, Office of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Alberta – 4 autores
    “A version of erring on the side of least drama can be found in what statisticians call Type 1 and Type 2 errors.”
33. Stephan Lewandowsky et al (2015) – Seepage: Climate change denial and its effect on the scientific community – Global Environmental Change 33:1–13 doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.02.013 – 15/05/2015 – University of Bristol + University of Western Australia – 5 autores
    “Vested interests and political agents have long opposed political or regulatory action in response to climate change by appealing to scientific uncertainty. Here we examine the effect of such contrarian talking points on the scientific community itself. We show that although scientists are trained in dealing with uncertainty, there are several psychological reasons why scientists may nevertheless be susceptible to uncertainty-based argumentation, even when scientists recognize those arguments as false and are actively rebutting them.”
34. Climate Change 2014 – IPCC Synthesis Report – http://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/SYR_AR5_LONGERREPORT.pdf
35. Kevin Anderson (2015) – Duality in climate science – Nature Geoscience 8:898–900 doi:10.1038/ngeo2559 – 12/10/2015 – Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Manchester – http://goo.gl/gbWEWD
    “Instead, my long-standing engagement with many colleagues in science, leaves me in no doubt that although they work diligently, often against a backdrop of organised scepticism, many are ultimately choosing to censor their own research.”
36. Tim O’Riordan and Tim Lenton (2011) – Tackling tipping points– British Academy Review 18:21-27 – Professor Emeritus of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia + Fellow of the British Academy; Chair in Climate Change/Earth SystemsScience at the University of Exeter
    “Crucially, the zone of declining resilience that takes place before a tipping point occurs produces identifiable early warning signals … However, not every type of abrupt transition carries early warning signals. We need to be aware that the Earth system can sometimes bite without growling beforehand.”
37. Policy Implications of Warming Permafrost – United Nations Environmental Program – November 2012 – http://www.unep.org/pdf/permafrost.pdf
    “Thawing permafrost could emit 43 to 135 Gt of CO2 equivalent by 2100 and 246 to 415 Gt of CO2 equivalent by 2200. Uncertainties are large, but emissions from thawing permafrost could start within the next few decades and continue for several centuries, influencing both short-term climate (before 2100) and long-term climate (after 2100).”
38. Esteve Corbera et al (2015) – Patterns of authorship in the IPCC Working Group III report – Nature Climate Change doi:10.1038/nclimate2782 – 07/09/2015 – Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology
    “Here, we explore the social scientific networks informing Working Group III (WGIII) assessment of mitigation for the AR5. Identifying authors’ institutional pathways, we highlight the persistence and extent of North–South inequalities in the authorship of the report, revealing the dominance of US and UK institutions as training sites for WGIII authors … The shared training and career paths made apparent through our analysis suggest that the idea that broader geographic participation may lead to a wider range of viewpoints and cultural understandings of climate change mitigation may not be as sound as previously thought.”
39. Elizabeth A. Stanton (2009) – Negishi Welfare Weights: The Mathematics of Global Inequality – Climatic Change 107:417-432 doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9967-6 – 14/05/2009 – Stockholm Environment Institute – http://sei-us.org/Publications_PDF/SEI-WorkingPaperUS-0902.pdf
    “Negishi weighting is another key ethical assumption at work in climate-economics models, but one that is virtually unknown to most model users. Negishi weights freeze the current distribution of income between world regions; without this constraint, IAMs that maximize global welfare would recommend an equalization of income across regions as part of their policy advice. With Negishi weights in place, these models instead recommend a course of action that would be optimal only in a world in which global income redistribution cannot and will not take place.”
40. Kevin Anderson (2015) – Duality in climate science – Nature Geoscience 8:898–900 doi:10.1038/ngeo2559 – 12/10/2015 – Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Manchester – http://goo.gl/gbWEWD
    “Delivery of palatable 2 °C mitigation scenarios depends on speculative negative emissions or changing the past. Scientists must make their assumptions transparent and defensible, however politically uncomfortable the conclusions.”
41. Antonio Zecca and Luca Chiari (2010) – Fossil-fuel constraints on global warming – Energy Policy 38:1–3 doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.068 – 31/07/2009 – Department of Physics, University of Trento
    “Our work shows that Nel and Cooper’s paper significantly underestimates future warming. Nel and Cooper conclude that even if all the available fossil fuels would be burned at the maximum possible rate during this century, the consequent warming would cap at less than 1 °C above the 2000 level. We find that – under Nel and Cooper’s assumption of an intensive exploitation of fossil fuels – the global temperature in 2100 will likely reach levels which would lead to severely damaging long-term impacts.”
42. Gail Tverberg – Oil and the Economy: Where are We Headed in 2015-16? – Our Finite World, 06/01/2015 – http://ourfiniteworld.com/2015/01/06/oil-and-the-economy-where-are-we-headed-in-2015-16/
    “We don’t have much time to fix our problems. In the timeframe we are looking at, the only other solution would seem to be a religious one. I don’t know exactly what it would be; I am not a believer in The Rapture. There is great order underlying our current system. If the universe was formed in a big bang, there was no doubt a plan behind it. We don’t know exactly what the plan for the future is. Perhaps what we are encountering is some sort of change or transformation that is in the best interests of mankind and the planet. More reading of religious scriptures might be in order. We truly live in interesting times!”
43. Céline Guivarch and Stéphane Hallegatte (2012) – 2C or not 2C? – Global Environmental Change 23:179–192 doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.006 – 08/11/2012 – Centre International de Recherche sur l’Environnement et le Développement; Ecole Nationale de la Météorologie, Météo-France
    “If one believes that the answers to all previous points are negative, the 2 °C target becomes unreachable, at least without allowing for an overshoot of the target, and may be considered as unrealistic. ”
44. Susan Solomon et al (2009) – Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences PNAS 106:10933-10938 doi:10.1073/pnas.0812721106 – 28/01/2009 – Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106.full.pdf+html – 4 autores
    “The climate change that takes place due to increases in carbon dioxide concentration is largely irreversible for 1.000 years after emissions stop.”
45. The Corporate Cookbook – Corporate Europe Observatory,- 17/11/2015 – http://corporateeurope.org/sites/default/files/the_corporate_cookbook.pdf
    “Peeling back the PR reveals that the dish that’s on offer is nothing short of a climate catastrophe. Big business is writing a recipe guaranteed to cook the planet: We can’t choose the best ingredients—maximum economic growth and a ‘better’ fossil fuel (natural gas) must be included. Conflicting measures such as restrictions on dirty fuel imports must be left out We can’t control the cooking process—market signals, not regulators, will guide the way It’s the same old business-as-usual recipe dressed up as ‘cordon verte’—they want to appear green, but industry’s agenda is to keep on emitting greenhouse gases and have them ‘sucked’ out of the atmosphere with pie-in-the-sky new technologies instead In some cases it’s just yesterday’s left overs dressed up as a new meal—with industrial agriculture being re-branded as ‘climate smart’ for example The market-based and techno-fix solutions on the table are diverting attention from the real culprits and delaying real action. Most political leaders have been happy to choose measures that suit existing business models and continued corporate profit-making. We need a different cookbook! And different cooks, for that matter.”