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Otros llamamientos de la comunidad científica | Declaraciones individuales | Revistas científicas | Mundo empresarial | Comunidades religiosas | Organismos políticos |Militares |Otras referencias de interés |Negacionistas

Referencias directas

1. Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1827) – On the Temperatures of the Terrestrial Sphere and Interplanetary Space – Traducido por R.T. Pierrehumbert 01/09/2004
   “An English translation of Fourier’s article has not been available in print forvmore than a century. Although the article is widely cited, it is my experience that its actual contents are not well known in the Anglophone community (and they are hardly better known among Francophones). My object in doing a new translation is to help rectify this situation, while using some of my own knowledge of physics of climate to help put Fourier’s arguments in the clearest possible light.”Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1827) – Mémoire sur les Températures du Globe Terrestre et des Espaces Planétaires – Mémoires d l’Académie Royale des Sciences de l’Institute de France VII 570-604
2. Svante Arrhenius (1896) – On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature on the Ground – Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science – Abril 1896
3. Roger Revelle and Hans Suess (1956) – Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between Atmosphere and Ocean and the Question of an Increase of Atmospheric CO2 During the Past Decades – Tellus 9:18-27, 1957 – Peer-reviewed
   “Human beings are now carrying out a large scale geophysical experiment of a kind that could not happened in the past nor be reproduced in the future … This experiment, if adequately documented, may yield a far-reaching insight into the processes determining weather and climate.”
4. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report – Summary for Policymakers – Valencia 12-17/11/2007 – http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf
   “This summary, approved in detail at IPCC Plenary XXVII (Valencia, Spain, 12-17 November 2007), represents the formally agreed statement of the IPCC concerning key findings and uncertainties contained in the Working Group contributions to the Fourth Assessment Report.”
5. Michael Oppenheimer – How the IPCC Got Started – Environmental Defense Fund 01/11/2007 – http://blogs.edf.org/climate411/2007/11/01/ipcc_beginnings/
   “In October 1985, the UN sponsored an international meeting of scientists on climate change in Villach, Austria. Its conclusion: Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases could cause an historic rise in global temperature. This was the first international scientific consensus”
6. World Conference of the Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global Security – Toronto, Canadá, 27-30/06/1988
   “The Conference called upon governments, the United Nations and its specialized agencies, industry, education institutions, non-governmental organizations and individuals to take specific actions to reduce the impending crisis caused by pollution of the atmosphere … The Conference called upon governments to work with urgency…”
7. 1992 World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity – http://www.ucsusa.org/about/1992-world-scientists.html
   “Some 1,700 of the world’s leading scientists, including the majority of Nobel laureates in the sciences, issued this appeal in November 1992. The World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity was written and spearheaded by the late Henry Kendall, former chair of UCS’s board of directors … Uncertainty over the extent of these effects cannot excuse complacency or delay in facing the threats.”
8. William R. Freudenburg, Robert Gramling, Debra J. Davidson (2008) – Scientific Certainty Argumentation Methods (SCAMs): Science and the Politics of Doubt – Sociological Inquiry 78:2-38 – February 2008 – University of California, Santa Barbara; University of Louisiana-Lafayette; University of Alberta – Peer-reviewed
   “Until the most dogged of industry proponents finally abandoned their positions, many of the key “scientific” representatives in the ongoing debates were still offering spirited arguments that the findings were not definitive, and that anyone who might seek to impose regulations in the absence of Scientific Certainty was being unscientific and irresponsible.”
9. World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Scientists%27_Warning_to_Humanity – 09/03/2009
   “In late 1992 … «Human beings and the natural world are on a collision course.» A majority of the Nobel Prize laureates in the sciences signed the document; about 1,700 of the world’s leading scientists appended their signature…”
10. 1992 World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity – http://www.ucsusa.org/about/1992-world-scientists.html
    “The scientists issuing this warning hope that our message will reach and affect people everywhere. We need the help of many:  We require the help of the world community of scientists — natural, social, economic, and political; We require the help of the world’s business and industrial leaders; We require the help of the world’s religious leaders; We require the help of the world’s peoples. We call on all to join us in this task.”
11. The Science of Climate Change – 17/05/2001
    “A joint statement issued by the Australian Academy of Sciences, Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Sciences and the Arts, Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, Caribbean Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, French Academy of Sciences, German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina, Indian National Science Academy, Indonesian Academy of Sciences, Royal Irish Academy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Italy), Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Academy Council of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and Royal Society (UK).“
12. Our Best Point the Way – On the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize, 100 Nobel laureates warn that our security hangs on environmental and social reform – Toronto Globe & Mail 07/12/2001 – http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/1207-01.htm
    “Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust.”
13. US science body warns on climate – BBC News – 16/12/2003 – http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3325341.stm
    “The American Geophysical Union has just adopted a new policy position on global warming in which it states its concern over rising greenhouse gas emissions. The AGU’s council says carbon dioxide concentrations may be climbing faster now than at any time in Earth history.”
14. For the Health of the Nation: An Evangelical Call to Civic Responsibility – National Association of Evangelicals – 08/10/2004
    “Because all religious/moral claims about climate change are relevant only if climate change is real and is mainly human-induced, everything hinges on the scientific data. As evangelicals we have hesitated to speak on this issue until we could be more certain of the science of climate change, but the signatories now believe that the evidence demands action … In the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, we urge all who read this declaration to join us in this effort.”
15. 2005 – Joint science academies’ statement: Global response to climate change – Academia Brasiliera de Ciências, Royal Society of Canada, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Académie des Sciences, Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, Indian National Science Academy, Accademia dei Lincei, Science Council of Japan, Russian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society UK, National Academy of Sciences USA.
    “Climate change is real; Reduce the causes; Prepare for the consequences. We call on world leaders, including those meeting at the Gleneagles G8 Summit in July 2005 to…”
16. Bill Rodgers – Some American Evangelicals Call for Action to Stop Global Warming – Voa News 22/02/2006 – http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-02/2006-02-22-voa41.cfm?CFID=315600624&CFTOKEN=46127219&jsessionid=88304c94e75e16691c00765d1a54395f4554
    “Some prominent American evangelical leaders have launched a campaign to persuade their congregants that more needs to be done to stop global warming. By embracing a cause normally advocated by environmental groups, these evangelical leaders have broken with many of their colleagues and the Bush administration on the global warming issue.”
17. Brian Kaylor – Signers of Environmental Statement Funded by ExxonMobil – Ethics Daily.com 10/08/2006 – http://ethicsdaily.com/news.php?viewStory=7741
    “A recent statement by evangelical Christians downplaying the potential problems of global climate change includes eight signers whose six organizations have received a total of $2.32 million in donations from ExxonMobil over the last three years.”
18. Joseph Romm – Absolute MUST Read IPCC Report: Debate over, further delay fatal, action not costly – Climate Progress 17/11/2007 – http://climateprogress.org/2007/11/17/must-read-ipcc-synthesis-report-debate-over-delay-fatal-action-not-costly/
    “In its definitive scientific synthesis report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) today issued its strongest call for immediate action to save humanity from the deadly consequences of unrestrained greenhouse gas emissions.”
19. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report – Summary for Policymakers – Valencia 12-17/11/2007 – http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf
    “This summary, approved in detail at IPCC Plenary XXVII (Valencia, Spain, 12-17 November 2007), represents the formally agreed statement of the IPCC concerning key findings and uncertainties contained in the Working Group contributions to the Fourth Assessment Report.”
20. David Edwards (1997) – Global Spin – The Ecologist 27:251-252 – Nov-Dec 1997 “The stubborn few who refuse to ‘sit down and take it like a consumer’ can be hit with «Strategic Lawsuits against Public Participation», or SLAPPS. The aim of SLAPPing protesters is to sue them for defamation, injury, conspiracy, etc., not in order to win the case, but so as to bring victims to the point where they «are no longer able to find the financial, emotional, or mental wherewithal to sustain their defence,» or, indeed, their protest. If all else fails, environmentalists can be brought on board. Stauber and Rampton, who edit PR Watch, note that hiring dissenters is a «crude but effective way to derail potentially meddlesome activists.»
21. Joseph Romm – Must Read Bali Climate Declaration by Scientists– Climate Progress 06/12/2007 – http://climateprogress.org/2007/12/06/must-read-bali-climate-declaration-by-scientists/
    “For those who didn’t get the message from the dire November synthesis report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, more than 200 of the world’s leading climate scientists have today issued the following declaration.”
22. 2007 Bali Climate Declaration by Scientists – ClimateScienceWatch 20/12/2007 – http://www.ccrc.unsw.edu.au/news/2007/Bali.html
    “This consensus document was prepared under the auspices of the Climate Change Research Centre at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia: … The next round of focused negotiations for a new global climate treaty (within the 1992 UNFCCC process) needs to begin in December 2007 and be completed by 2009. The prime goal of this new regime must be to limit global warming to no more than 2 ºC above the pre-industrial temperature, a limit that has already been formally adopted by the European Union and a number of other countries. Based on current scientific understanding, this requires that global greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced by at least 50% below their 1990 levels by the year 2050. In the long run, greenhouse gas concentrations need to be stabilised at a level well below 450 ppm.”
23. James Hansen et al (2008) – Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim? – The Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2, 217-231 – Peer-reviewed
    “If humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and to which life on Earth is adapted, paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm, but likely less than that.”
24. Carlos Gay-Garcia, Francisco Estrada and Armando Sánchez (2009) – Global and hemispheric temperatures revisited – Climatic Change 94:333–349 – Peer-reviewed
    “In terms of Article 2 of the Framework Convention on Climate Change it can be argued that significant (dangerous) anthropogenic interference with the climate system has already occurred.”

Otros llamamientos de la comunidad científica

Joint science academies’ statement on growth and responsibility: sustainability, energy efficiency and climate protection“It is important that the 2007 G8 Summit is addressing the linked issues of energy security and climate change … We call on all countries of the world to cooperate in identifying common strategic objectives for sustainable, efficient and climate friendly energy systems, and in implementing actions toward them.”

Joseph Romm – Must Read Bali Climate Declaration by Scientists– Climate Progress 06/12/2007 – http://climateprogress.org/2007/12/06/must-read-bali-climate-declaration-by-scientists/
“For those who didn’t get the message from the dire November synthesis report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, more than 200 of the world’s leading climate scientists have today issued the following declaration.”

Ian Dunlop (2008) – Forewords – En David Spratt & Philip Sutton – Climate Code Red: The case for emergency action – Scribe Publications, Melbourne – ISBN: 9781921372209
“Our institutions are totally short-term focused: politically, due to the electoral cycle, and corporately, due to perverse incentives. Thus, we are uniquely ill-equipped to handle these major problems, which are all long-term. … The extent of change that we require will only occur if the political and corporate world sees that the community is demanding it. If we are to have a reasonable chance of maintaining a habitable planet, placing our efforts on an emergency footing is long overdue. We only play this game once; a trial run is not an option.”

U.S. Scientists and Economists’ Call for Swift and Deep Cuts in Greenhouse Gas Emissions – http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/what_you_can_do/climate-letter-2008.html – May 2008
“We call on our nation’s leaders to swiftly establish and implement policies to bring about deep reductions in heat-trapping emissions. The strength of the science on climate change compels us to warn the nation about the growing risk of irreversible consequences as global average temperatures continue to increase over pre-industrial levels … “The statement is open to Ph.D. or doctoral candidate professionals with expertise relevant to our understanding of the scientific and economic dimensions of climate change, its impacts and solutions”

U.S. Scientists and Economists’ Call for Swift and Deep Cuts in Greenhouse Gas Emissions – http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/what_you_can_do/climate-letter-2008.html – May 2008
“We urge U.S. policy makers to put our nation onto a path today to reduce emissions on the order of 80 percent below 2000 levels by 2050. The first step on this path should be reductions on the order of 15-20 percent below 2000 levels by 2020, which is achievable and consistent with sound economic policy. There is no time to waste. The most risky thing we can do is nothing.”

Union of Concerned Scientists – National Call to Action on Global Warming – 2009 – http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/big_picture_solutions/national-call-to-action-on-gw.html
“A fundamental change in our energy mix is necessary to both save the planet and provide opportunity for all Americans … But special interests, such as the oil and coal industries, have controlled America’s energy policy for more than a century. It now will take all Americans working together to bring the enormous change that our country needs … To that end, we call on President Obama and Congress to pass global warming legislation that meets the following objectives: Take Prudent Action to Reduce the Risk of Catastrophic Global Warming; Be Effective and Efficient; Act in a Fair and Just Manner to Alleviate the Impacts of Climate Justice Issues; Accelerate the Transition to a Clean Energy Economy; Plan for a Warming World”

Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges & Decisions – Final Messages – 12/03/2009 – http://climatecongress.ku.dk/newsroom/congress_key_messages/
“More than 2,500 delegates from nearly 80 countries, preliminary messages from the findings were delivered by the Congress’ Scientific Writing Team …[We must engage public in] reducing inertia in social and economic systems; building on a growing public desire for governments to act on climate change; removing implicit and explicit subsidies; reducing the influence of vested interests that increase emissions and reduce resilience; enabling the shifts from ineffective governance and weak institutions to innovative leadership in government, the private sector and civil society; and engaging society in the transition to norms and practices that foster sustainability.”

Stacy Morford – Hansen: Protests May Be Only Way to Force Climate Action – Solve Climate 18/03/2009 – http://solveclimate.com/blog/20090318/hansen-protests-may-be-only-way-force-climate-action
“’What is frustrating people, me included, is that democratic action affects elections, but what we get then from political leaders is greenwash. The democratic process is supposed to be one person one vote, but it turns out that money is talking louder than the votes. So, I’m not surprised that people are getting frustrated. I think that peaceful demonstration is not out of order, because we’re running out of time.’

The St. James’s Palace Memorandum on Action for a Low Carbon and Equitable Future – 28/05/2009 – http://inel.wordpress.com/2009/05/28/the-st-jamess-palace-memorandum-on-action-for-a-low-carbon-and-equitable-future/
“The three-day Nobel Laureate Symposium at St. James’s Palace, London concluded … with a fierce, urgent call for “a global deal on climate change that matches the scale and urgency of the human, ecological and economic crises facing the world today.”

Mark Henderson – Global warming must stay below 2 ºC or world faces ruin, scientists declare – The Times, 28/05/2009 – http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6380709.ece“The memorandum echoed a manifesto signed in 1955 when Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein and nine other intellectuals called for world leaders to seek peaceful resolutions to international conflict.”

Bertrand Russell,  Albert Einstein et al (1955) – The Russell-Einstein Manifiesto – Londres, 09/07/2009 – http://www.pugwash.org/about/manifesto.htm
“We have to learn to think in a new way. We have to learn to ask ourselves, not what steps can be taken to give military victory to whatever group we prefer, for there no longer are such steps; the question we have to ask ourselves is: what steps can be taken to prevent a military contest of which the issue must be disastrous to all parties?”

France Press – Scientists warn of climate catastrophe – Physorg.com, 18/06/2009 – http://www.physorg.com/news164528489.html
“Global surface and ocean temperatures, sea levels, extreme climate events, the retreat of Arctic sea ice are all increasing significantly faster than experts predicted, they warned.”

Jeremy Hance – Scientists call on Obama for ‘maximum personal leadership’ to combat global warming – Mongabay.com, 22/06/2009 – http://news.mongabay.com/2009/622-hance_obama_letter.html
“The letter further argues that current goals by the United States and other international governments—limiting the buildup off CO2 to 450 parts per million and stopping the rise of global temperatures at 2 degrees Celsisus—are simply not enough to deal effectively with global warming.”

Declaraciones individuales

James E. Hansen (1988) –The Greenhouse Effect: Impacts on Current Global Temperature and Regional Heat Waves – Statement presented to the United States Senate; Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 23/06/1988 –http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Environment/documents/2008/06/23/ClimateChangeHearing1988.pdf – Accedido el 21/05/2009
“I would like to draw three main conclusions. 1) The earth is warmer today than in any time in the history of instrumental measurements; 2) The global warming is large enough that we can ascribe with high degree of confidence … to the greenhouse effect; 3) Our computer simulations indicate that the greenhouse effect is already large enough to begin to effect the probability of extreme events such as summer heat waves.”

Reiner Grundmann (2007) – Climate Change and Knowledge Politics – Environmental Politics 3:414-432 DOI: 10.1080/09644010701251656 – School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham
“Only in 1988 and 1989 were the advocates the dominating reference point for the US media. Public concern started in June 1988, when National Aeronautics and Space Administration scientist James Hansen during a testimonial statement to US Congress stated he was ‘99%’ certain that global warming was real (ref). He said that…  (ref).”

Kevin E. Trenberth – Testimony on ‘The 2001 Assessment of Climate Change’ before The US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works – National Center for Atmospheric Research – 02/05/2001

John P. Holdren – Comments by on ‘The Shaky Science behind the Climate Change Sense of the Congress Resolution’ – US Senate Republican Policy Committee – 09/06/2003

Stephen H. Schneider – Professor, Department of Biological Sciences; Co-Director, Center for Environmental Science and Policy Stanford University – U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation – Hearing on “The Case for Climate Change Action” – 01/10/2003

James Hansen – Twenty years later: tipping points near on global warming – The Guardian, 22/06/2008 – NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Director – http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/jun/23/climatechange.carbonemissions“Tomorrow I will testify to Congress about global warming, 20 years after my 23 June 1988 testimony (…). There are striking similarities between then and now, but one big difference. (…) The difference is that now we have used up all slack in the schedule for actions needed to defuse the global warming time bomb.”

James E. Hansen – Global Warming Twenty Years Later: Tipping Points Near –Testimony to Congress – 23/06/2008 – http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/TwentyYearsLater_20080623.pdf
“My presentation today is exactly 20 years after my 23 June 1988 testimony to Congress … Now we have used up all slack in the schedule for actions needed to defuse the global warming time bomb … Otherwise it will become impractical to constrain atmospheric carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas produced in burning fossil fuels, to a level that prevents the climate system from passing tipping points that lead to disastrous climate changes that spiral dynamically out of humanity’s control.”

Gavin Schmidt – Hansen’s 1988 projections – Real Climate 15/05/2007 – http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2007/05/hansens-1988-projections/
“Regardless of which variation one chooses, the scenario closest to the observations is clearly Scenario B. The difference in scenario B compared to any of the variations is around 0.1 W/m² – around a 10% overestimate (compared to > 50% overestimate for scenario A, and a > 25% underestimate for scenario C).”

Ed Pilkington – US: Put oil firm chiefs on trial, says leading climate change scientist – The Guardian, 23/06/2008 – http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/jun/23/fossilfuels.climatechange“
«Hansen’s speech to Congress on June 23, 1988 is seen as a seminal moment in bringing the threat of global warming to the public’s attention. At a time when most scientists were still hesitant to speak out, he said the evidence of the greenhouse gas effect was 99% certain, adding «it is time to stop waffling».

Revistas científicas

Editorial: US ‘wastes vital time’ as climate-change minority sows confusion – Nature 400:5 – 14/07/1999 – Peer-reviewed
“The group of 57 scientists from 24 states, organized by the Union of Concerned … Scientists (UCS), told a press conference this week that the effects of global climate change could be severe for the United States.”

Editorial: Climate change threat may be underestimated – New Scientist 2486 12/02/2005 – http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18524863.400-editorial-climate-change-threat-may-be-underestimated.html“The good news for climate sceptics is that a speaker at a major British conference on climate change agreed that arch-sceptic Pat Michaels had a point. The bad news is that it was Myles Allen, the Oxford physicist who recently grabbed the headlines by suggesting that 11 °C of warming could be in the pipeline.”

Donald Kennedy – Editorial: Science, Information, and Power – Science 315:1053 doi 10.1126/science.1140872 – 23/02/2007 – Editor-in-Chief of Science – – Peer-reviewed
“Chief executive officers from 10 major U.S. companies have gathered to form a Climate Action Partnership. When General Electric, Alcoa, DuPont, and even Duke Energy are sufficiently convinced about global warming to recommend mandatory emissions reductions with targets, they are asking to be taken seriously. This corporate congregation was mobilized in part by the World Resources Institute and leading environmental organizations, whose collective clout once again demonstrates that enlightened leadership from civic society can sometimes reach useful ends more quickly than old-fashioned intercession in electoral politics.”

Editorial: A global call to arms – Nature 444:2 – 02/11/2006 – Peer-reviewed
“Sir Nicholas Stern: The investment needed to control climate change is small compared with the costs of allowing it to continue unabated.”

Editorial: Climate crunch warning – New Scientist 27/03/2009 – http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20127012.700-climate-crunch-warning.html
“One of the factors behind the credit crunch was a failure to see the big picture: a riskier deal is a lot riskier when everyone is making similar gambles. Once things start going wrong, there can be a domino effect … an unquantifiable risk is not the same as no risk. As the financial collapse shows, sometimes the doomsayers get it right.”

Olive Heffernan (2009) – No time to retreat – Nature Reports Climate Change – Published online: 02/04/2009 – Peer-reviewed http://www.nature.com/climate/2009/0904/full/climate.2009.32.html“The take-home message — that only urgent action will give a reasonable chance of avoiding dangerous effects — needs to be conveyed more clearly now than ever before. Despite the political will garnered since the IPCC’s last report, the economic downturn could well make a damp squib of efforts to agree a meaningful global climate deal in December.”

Mundo empresarial

14 Corporate leaders urging the Prime Minister to take bold action on climate change – May 2005 – http://www.logicalscience.com/consensus/consensus.htm#Industry
«In May 2005 the Corporate Leaders Group on Climate Change wrote to you about the need to take urgent action on climate change. We welcomed the leadership that the Government had shown internationally and offered to work in partnership with you.»  … «Bold leadership on domestic climate change policy has the potential to deliver significant economic benefits to the UK.”

Branson makes $3bn climate pledge – BBC News, 21/09/2006 – http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5368194.stm
“The Virgin boss said he would commit all profits from his travel firms, such as airline Virgin Atlantic and Virgin Trains, over the next 10 years”

Hardtruths. Enfrentando el grave problema energético. Una visión integral de la industria del petróleo y el gas natural en el mundo hasta el año 2030 – Consejo Nacional del Petróleo (National Petroleum Council – Lee R. Raymond) – 18/07/2007
“Reviewing a broad range of more than 100 outlooks based on public and aggregated proprietary data, the Council study found that total global demand for energy is projected to grow from today’s huge base by 50-60 percent to 2030—the result of rising incomes around the world and population growth.”

Facing the Hard Truths about Energy: A Comprehensive View to 2030 of Global Oil and Natural Gas – National Petroleum Council, 18/07/2007
“There is no single, easy solution to the global challenges ahead”

David Crane, CEO – NRG Energy – We’re Carboholics. Make Us Stop – The Washington Post, 14/10/2007 – http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/12/AR2007101202153.html
“I am a carboholic. As Americans, we are all carboholics, but I am more so than most. The company I run, NRG Energy, emits more than 64 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere each year — more than the total man-made greenhouse gas emissions of Norway. And we are only the 10th-largest American power generation company. Imagine the CO2 emissions of Nos. 1 through 9. Why do we do it? Why does America’s power industry emit such a stunning amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere in this age of climate change? We do so because CO2emissions are free.”

United Nations – A call to business leaders – Caring for Climate: The Business Leadership Platform –December 2007-April, 2008“I particularly encourage business involvement in leadership initiatives, such as Caring for Climate – Ban Ki-moon”.

Caring for Climate – The business leadership statement

A Statement by the Business Leaders of the UN Global Compact – April 2008 – 206 empresas – http://www.unglobalcompact.org

Rachelle Younglai – Global investors urge action on climate change – Reuters, 11/11/2008 – http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSTRE4AA1CM20081111
“Global institutional investors holding more than $6 trillion in assets pushed policymakers Tuesday to quickly hash out a binding agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions and promote clean technology”.

Business-Expert Task Force on Low-Carbon Economic Prosperity: An Open Letter to G20 – World Economic Forum – 31/03/2009
“We invite world leaders gathered at the London Summit to consider these preliminary recommendations and, in particular, to direct relevant economic and environmental officials of their governments to engage in the proposed public-private process of dialogue and analysis during 2009. We wish you a successful Summit and look forward to the opportunity to report our final recommendations in the autumn.”

A Call for Action – Consensus Principles and Recommendations from the U.S. Climate Action Partnership: A Business and NGO Partnership –

“We Know Enough to Act on Climate Change … We, the members of the U.S. Climate Action Partnership, pledge to work with the President, the Congress, and all other stakeholders to enact an environmentally effective, economically sustainable, and fair climate change program consistent with our principles at the earliest practicable date.”

Leslie Berlian – Businesses Call for International Climate Action – 02/06/2009 – http://solveclimate.com/blog/20090602/businesses-call-international-climate-action
“Among the almost 60 companies in the report are Alcoa, Chevron, Dell, Duke Energy, DuPont, Exelon, Ford, Kimberly-Clark, Molson-Coors, Newmont Mining, Panasonic, Sara Lee and more. Many are members of US Climate Action Partnership (USCAP), a centrist collaboration of energy companies, industry and environmental groups that wrote the framework for the major climate bill now in Congress.”

Comunidades religiosas

Climate Change – An Evangelical Call to Action – (sin autor) – February, 2006 – http://www.npr.org/documents/2006/feb/evangelical/calltoaction.pdf
“We will not only teach the truths communicated here but also seek ways to implement the actions that follow from them. In the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, we urge all who read this declaration to join us in this effort.”

Cornelia Dean – Catholics Organize against Climate Change – Dot Earth, The New York Times 21/04/2009 – http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/21/catholic-post/
“American Catholics should “live our faith confronting the impact of climate change,” especially its impact on the world’s poor, Bishop William S. Skylstad of Spokane said Tuesday. He was announcing the creation of the  Catholic Climate Covenant, a coalition of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and other Roman Catholic organizations that have pledged to work on the issue.”

The Forum on Religion and Ecology at Yale – Climate Change Statements from the World Religions – http://fore.research.yale.edu/climate-change/statements-from-world-religions/
“Buddhism, Christianity – Roman Catholic, Christianity – Eastern Orthodox, Christianity – Protestant Denominations and Organizations, Confucianism, Daoism, Hinduism, Indigenous Traditions, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Shinto, Interfaith”

Organismos políticos

EFE – Ban pide a 150 países una «señal clara y colectiva» en la actuación sobre el cambio climático – Público – 24/09/2007 – http://www.publico.es/agencias/efe/1999/ban/pide/150/paises/senal/clara/colectiva/actuacion/cambio/climatico
“´Mostrar liderazgo y enviar «a sus pueblos una señal clara y colectiva» de que transformarán en acción sus intenciones. «El inmediato desafío es transformar las preocupaciones comunes en un nuevo consenso que permita avanzar», dijo Ban a una audiencia, conformada por representantes de gobiernos de más de 150 países, incluidos 80 jefes de Estado o de Gobierno, como los de Alemania, Francia, España, Brasil o México.”

UN chief sees major commitment to climate change – Reuters, 24/09/2007 – http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSN24278607._CH_.2400
“»Science has spoken clearly,» Ban said at a final news conference. «Now we need a political answer.» Calling Monday’s gathering a «sea change in the response to climate change,» Ban acknowledged that negotiations that will begin in Bali may be a long, difficult process.”

Suzanne Goldenberg – Obama targets US public with call for climate action – Guardian.co.uk 16/06/2009 – http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jun/16/obama-climate-change-impacts
“The Obama administration unveiled the most authoritative report to date on the effects of global warming in America today in an effort to persuade the public of the need to act now”.

Richard Van Noorden – UK launches climate manifesto – Nature News 26/06/2009 – http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090626/full/news.2009.604.html
“Brown’s speech is significant «simply because it’s the first time a leader of a developed country has mentioned a ball-park figure of what would be needed».

Militares

Peter Schwartz and Doug Randall – An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security. Imagining the Unthinkable – Octubre 2003
“The purpose of this report is to imagine the unthinkable – to push the boundaries of current research on climate change so we may better understand the potential implications on United States national security … We have created a climate change scenario that although not the most likely, is plausible, and would challenge United States national security in ways that should be considered immediately.”General

Mark Townsend and Paul Harris – Now the Pentagon tells Bush: climate change will destroy us – The Observer 22/02/2004 – http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1153513,00.html
“The findings will prove humiliating to the Bush administration, which has repeatedly denied that climate change even exists. Experts said that they will also make unsettling reading for a President who has insisted national defence is a priority”

Gordon R. Sullivan, USA (Ret.) – National Security and the Threat of Climate Change – The CAN Corporation, 2007
“Global climate change presents a new and very different type of national security challenge. Over many months and meetings, we met with some of the world’s leading climate scientists, business leaders, and others studying climate change. We viewed their work through the lens of our military experience as warfighters, planners, and leaders. Our discussions have been lively, informative, and very sobering.”

Gen. Charles F. Wald, USAF (ret.) and Vic Adm. Dennis McGinn (ret.) – Climate Change Threatens National Security – The Washington Post  20/04/2009
“The need to address the potential for global climate change and associated risks of failure is compelling. As retired General Gordon R. Sullivan, our colleague on the CNA Military Advisory Board (MAB), noted in our first report, “If we don’t act, this looks more like a high probability/high consequence scenario.”

Otras referencias de interés

Joshua Kahn Russell – Reparations for Climate Chaos – It’s Getting Hot in Here – 02/10/2009 – http://itsgettinghotinhere.org/2009/10/02/reparations-for-climate-chaos/
“Today, more than 50 social movements, trade unions, environmental groups and NGOs from 17 countries issued a statement at the United Nations in Bangkok, where UNFCCC climate negotiations move into their fifth day. The groups, which include several large international networks, said that rich countries should acknowledge their historical responsibility and the “ecological and climate debts” they owe to developing countries. “Deep, drastic cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, through domestic measures is part of reparations,” the statement said. “They took much more than their fair share of atmospheric space, and in the process denied the people of developing countries – the people of the South – their rightful share. They must give it back.”

Finance for Socioeconomic and Climate Justice Statement – Bangkok 28/09/2009 – http://joshuakahnrussell.wordpress.com/2009/10/01/finance-for-socioeconomic-and-climate-justice-statment/
“We, the undersigned social organizations, movements and networks working towards climate and socioeconomic justice, gathered in Bagnkok for an International Strategy Meeting on Climate and Finance in parallel to the United Nations climate talks, call for the recognition of the Global North´s historical responsibility and obligation to guarantee reparations for ecological debt, including climate debt, owed to the Global South …”

Logical Science – The Consensus on Global Warming: From Science to Industry & Religion – http://www.logicalscience.com/consensus/consensus.htm#Industry
“Climate change critics like Richard Lindzen try to say «There’s no consensus on global warming.» in the Wall Street Journal, in front of Congress, and many other places.  This argument has also been made repeatedly on Fox News (refs.).  Other researchers like Dean Dr. Mark H. Thiemens say this «has nothing to do with reality» (refs). The following is a list of quotes from scientific organizations, academies, scientists, industry spokesmen, etc supporting the existence of man made climate change and the need to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”

William C. Clark, Ronald B. Mitchell, and David W. Cash (2006) – Evaluating the Influence of Global Environmental Assessments (En Global Environmental Assessments. Information and Influence. MIT Press, Cambridge) –

“Wendy E. F. Torrance examines the sequence of climate change assessments from the 1970s through the 1990s, examining the roles of both political context and assessment content in explaining why a 1985 assessment (the Villach assessment) transformed the issue domain of climate change where previous assessments had failed to do so.”

Negacionistas

The Heidelberg Appeal, 23/03/1993 – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_Appeal

“decrying «an irrational ideology which is opposed to scientific and industrial progress, and impedes economic and social development.» Issued to coincide with the opening of the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992”.

Leipzig Declaration – 9-10/11/1995 – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig_Declaration; http://sepp.org/policy%20declarations/LDrevised.html
“The declaration, which opposes the global warming hypothesis and the Kyoto Protocol, has appeared in two versions, both penned by Fred Singer’s Science and Environmental Policy Project (SEPP). Global warming skeptics have hailed the declarations as a critical scientific turning point.[citation needed] Critics claim they were fraudulent publicity stunts and have questioned both the authenticity of the signatures and the credentials of the verifiable signers.”

Patrick J. Michaels – The State Factor : Questionable Policy based on Uncertain Science – Global Warming and the Rio Climate Treaty – American Legislative Exchange Council –21, 28/06/1995
“This paper will show that the catastrophic climate forecast that was the basis for the Rio treaty is not supported by the facts”

Environmental Audit – Minutes of Evidence – Examination of Witnesses – House of Commons 20/03/2004 – http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmenvaud/490/4033001.htm
Professor Sir David King, Chief Scientific Adviser to the Government and Head of Office of Science and Technology, and Ms Claire Durkin, Director, Head of Energy Innovation and Business Unit, Department of Trade and Industry, examined.
“Fifty-five million years ago was a time when there was no ice on the earth; the Antarctic was the most habitable place for mammals, because it was the coolest place, and the rest of the earth was rather inhabitable because it was so hot. It is estimated that it was roughly 1,000 parts per million then, and the important thing is that if we carry on business as usual we will hit 1,000 parts per million around the end of this century. So it seems to me that it is clear on a global and geological scale that climate change is the most serious problem we are faced with this century.”

Michael Shermer – The Flipping Point – Scientific American, 06/2006 – http://www.michaelshermer.com/2006/06/the-flipping-point/
“February 8 … 86 leading evangelical Christians — the last cohort I expected to get on the environmental bandwagon — issued the Evangelical Climate Initiative calling for “national legislation requiring sufficient economy-wide reductions” in carbon emissions.”

Steve Waygood – Los inversores ante el cambio climático – Cinco Días 16/08/2007 – http://climantica.org/climantica/resource/Cincodias_CC_inversoresyCC_160807.pdf
“El cambio climático es el asunto más urgente al que se enfrentan los políticos y los responsables públicos en todo el mundo”

Mark Levene – Rescue!History – A Manifesto for the Humanities in the Age of Climate Change An Appeal for Collaborators. The reality and urgency of human-created climate change – http://rescue-history-from-climate-change.org/ – The Forum for the Study of Crisis in the 21st Century
“But for those who can, and will, this is an appeal to all scholars of the past, indeed all academics within the humanities, social sciences, and other disciplines, teachers, students (embracing postgraduates, undergraduates, and those at other colleges and schools) independent researchers, journalists and other professionals, as well as members of a broader public who are concerned with how we arrived at this point, to join in the pursuit of rescue!history.”

Manhattan Declaration on Climate Change – “Global warming” is not a global crisis – New York 04/03/2008 – http://www.climatescienceinternational.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=37&Itemid=54
“Participating in the 2008 International Conference on Climate Change … Resolving that scientific questions should be evaluated solely by the scientific method; Affirming that global climate has always changed and always will, independent of the actions of humans, and that carbon dioxide (CO2) is not a pollutant but rather a necessity for all life; Recognising that the causes and extent of recently-observed climatic change are the subject of intense debates in the climate science community and that oft-repeated assertions of a supposed ‘consensus’ among climate experts are false … therefore, we recommend That ‘world leaders reject the views expressed by the United Nations’.”

Chris Green – Department of Economics, McGill University, Montreal, – Global Warming. Copenhagen Consensus 2008 Perspective Paper – 04/04/2008
Christopher Monckton – “Dangerous and growing threat of climate crisis” A response to Al Gore’s Senate testimony of January 28, 2009 – 13/02/2009 – An SPPI Original Paper

“Two years ago a High Court Judge in London ordered the British Government to correct nine “errors” in Gore’s movie, An Inconvenient Truth, before allowing innocent school children to be exposed to it. Gore’s propaganda movie in fact contained at least 35 serious scientific errors.”

Sin fecha

Climate Debate Daily – Douglas Campbell and Denis Dutton – http://climatedebatedaily.com/

“Calls to action – Dissenting voices”

More Than 700 International Scientists Dissent Over Man-Made Global Warming Claims

http://www.climatechangefraud.com/content/view/3562/222/

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