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1. Ian Dunlop – The Perfect Storm – ALP Fringe Program 31/07/2009 – Independent Governance & Sustainability Advisor – http://cpd.org.au/article/its-time-heed-evidence-climate-change-full-paper
   “Humanity in its present form has developed during the short Holocene period over the last 11,000 years in a relatively benign and stable climate, with average temperature sitting within a band of +/- 0.5 ºC around 15 ºC – what might be called the Safe Climate Zone.”
2. David Archer (2005) – The fate of fossil fuel CO2 in geologic time – Journal of Geophysical Research – Revised 07/01/2007 – Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago
   “The mean lifetime of anthropogenic CO₂ is dominated by the long tail, resulting in a range of 30-35 kyr. The long lifetime of fossil fuel carbon release implies that the anthropogenic climate perturbation may have time to interact with ice sheets, methane clathrate deposits, and glacial/interglacial climate dynamics.”
3. Gavin Schmidt – CO₂ equivalents – Real Climate 11/10/2007 – http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2007/10/co2-equivalents/ “Definition: The CO₂_equivalent level is the amount of CO₂ that would be required to give the same global mean radiative forcing as the sum of a basket of other forcings. This is a way to include the effects of CH4 and N2O etc. in a simple way, particularly for people doing future impacts or cost-benefit analysis. The equivalent amount is calculated using the IPCC formula for CO₂ forcing: Total Forcing = 5.35 log (CO₂_e/ CO₂_orig) where CO₂_orig is the 1750 concentration (278 ppmv); … Usage; Magnitude; Implications”
4. G.C. Hegerl et al (2007) – Understanding and Attributing Climate Change [En: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Susan Solomon et al (eds.)] – Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York
   “Atmospheric CO₂ concentrations were 379ppm in 2005. The best estimate of total CO₂-eq concentration in 2005 for all long-lived GHGs is about 455ppm, while the corresponding value including the net effect of all anthropogenic forcing agents is 375ppm CO₂-eq.”
5. Forster, P. et al. in Climate Change 2007: Th e Physical Science Basis 131–217 (Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).
6. Keith P. Shine and William T. Sturges – CO₂ Is Not the Only Gas – Science 315: 1804– 1805 DOI: 10.1126/science.1141677 – 30/03/2007
   “The largest single contributor to radiative forcing is CO₂, with an estimated value of 1.66 W m^–2 since pre-industrial times—enough, on its own, to eventually raise global average surface temperatures by about 1.4°C. The non- CO₂ greenhouse gases contribute an additional 1 W m^–2 … Determining the past and present growth of non- CO₂ greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is not trivial.”
7. Robert S. Boyd – Is ‘global dimming’ under way? – The Seattle Times, 09/05/2004 – http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2001923726_globaldimming09.html
   “The solar-dimming effect is «about half as large as the greenhouse-gas warming,» said James Hansen, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York.”
8. Sid Perkins – Aerosols cloud the climate picture – ScienceNews 176 – 21/11/2009 – http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/48940/title/Aerosols_cloud_the_climate_picture
   “Because many greenhouse gases also trim aerosol concentrations, Arneth says, people will have to cut emissions even further to keep Earth’s average temperature from increasing 2 ºC above pre–Industrial Revolution levels. “We not only have to think about greenhouse gases, but about pollution too,” she says.”
9. James Lovelock (2009) – The Vanishing Face of Gaia. A Final Warning – Allen Lane, Penguin Books – 178 pp – ISBN 978-1-846-14185-0 – Página 36
   “Yes, if we implemented in full the recommendations made at Bali within a year, far from stabilizing the climate, it could grow hotter not cooler”
10. Hiram Levy II et al (2008) – Strong sensitivity of late 21^st century climate to projected changes in short-lived air pollutants – Journal of Geophysical Research 113, D06102, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009176 – 19/03/2008 – Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA
    This study examines the impact of projected changes (A1B “marker” scenario) in emissions of four short-lived air pollutants (ozone, black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate) on future climate … by year 2100, the projected decrease in sulfate aerosol … and the projected increase in black carbon … contribute a significant portion of the simulated A1B [scenario] surface air warming relative to the year 2000: … with the strongest warming occurring over the summer continental United States, Mediterranean Sea, and southern Europe and over the winter Arctic.”
11. The WBGU Budget Approach – German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) Factsheet no 3/2009 – http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_factsheet_3_en.pdf
    “The German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) has developed an innovative approach to tackling the problem of climate change. A key component is an agreement between the community of states regarding a cap, in the form of a global budget, for the total amount of carbon dioxide that may be emitted from fossil-fuel sources until the year 2050, in order to avoid dangerous climate change. As the global budget would be distributed among all countries in line with fundamental principles of equity, the budget approach can serve as the basis for a new global climate treaty.”
12. SCAR’s Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment (ACCE) Review Report – Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute – http://www.scar.org/treaty/atcmxxxii/Atcm32_ip005_e.pdf
    “Links between the climates of the northern and southern hemispheres exist, but through most of the Holocene and in the prior ice age northern hemisphere climate events lagged southern hemisphere ones by several hundred years. In contrast, in recent decades the northern hemisphere signal of rising temperature since about 1800 AD has paralleled the southern hemisphere one. Temperature change in the two hemispheres (at least as far as West Antarctica is concerned) now appears to be synchronous – a significant departure from former times, which suggests a new and different forcing, most likely related to anthropogenic activity in the form of enhanced greenhouse gases.”
13. Keith P. Shine Alternatives To The Globalwarming Potential For Comparing Climate Impacts Of Emissions Of Greenhouse Gases – Climatic Change 68 281–302 – Department of Meteorology, The University of Reading
    “Here, two new metrics are proposed, which are based on a simple analytical climate model. The first metric is called the Global Temperature Change Potential and represents the temperature change at a given time due to a pulse emission of a gas (GTPP); the second is similar but represents the effect of a sustained emission change (hence GTPS).”
14. John D. Sterman and Linda Booth Sweeney (2007) – Understanding Public Complacency about Climate Change: Adults’ mental models of climate change violate conservation of matter – Climatic Change 80: 213-238 – Peer reviewed
    “Low public support for mitigation policies may be based more on misconceptions of climate dynamics than high discount rates or uncertainty about the risks of harmful climate change.”
15. Aradhna K. Tripati, Christopher D. Roberts and Robert A. Eagle (2009) – Coupling of CO2 and Ice Sheet Stability over Major Climate Transitions of the Last 20 Million Years – Science doi: 10.1126/science.1178296 – Published online 08/10/2009 – Departments of Earth and Space Sciences and Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology – http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1178296
    “We use boron/calcium ratios in foraminifera to estimate pCO2 during major climate transitions of the last 20 million years. During the Middle Miocene, when temperatures were ~3 to 6°C warmer and sea level 25 to 40 meters higher than present, pCO2 was similar to modern levels. Decreases in pCO2 were synchronous with major episodes of glacial expansion during the Middle Miocene (~14 to 10 million years ago; Ma) and Late Pliocene (~3.3 to -2.4 Ma).”
16. Prosenjit Ghosh and Willi A. Brand (2003) – Stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry in global climate change research – International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 228:1–33 – 20/05/2003 – http://www.bgc.mpg.de/service/iso_gas_lab/publications/PG_WB_IJMS.pdf
    “The small changes reflect natural fractionation processes that have left their signature in natural archives. These enable us to investigate the climate of past times in order to understand how the Earth’s climatic system works and how it can react to external forcing. In addition, studying contemporary isotopic change of natural compartments can help to identify sources and sinks for atmospheric trace gases provided the respective isotopic signatures are large enough for measurement and have not been obscured by unknown processes. This information is vital within the framework of the Kyoto process for controlling CO2 emissions.»
17. Richard S. Lindzen – Resisting climate hysteria – The People’s Voice.org  – 14/08/2009 – http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2009/08/14/resisting-climate-hysteria
    “Climate is always changing. We have had ice ages and warmer periods when alligators were found in Spitzbergen. Ice ages have occurred in a hundred thousand year cycle for the last 700 thousand years, and there have been previous periods that appear to have been warmer than the present despite CO2 levels being lower than they are now. More recently, we have had the medieval warm period and the little ice age.
18. ”Piers Forster and Venkatachalam Ramaswamy (2007) – Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing – En: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter2.pdf
    “The simple formulae for RF of the LLGHG quoted in Ramaswamy et al. (2001) are still valid. These formulae are based on global RF calculations where clouds, stratospheric adjustment and solar absorption are included, and give an RF of +3.7 W m^–2 for a doubling in the CO₂ mixing ratio. (The formula used for the CO2 RF calculation in this chapter is the IPCC (1990) expression as revised in the TAR. Note that for CO₂, RF increases logarithmically with mixing ratio.) Collins et al. (2006) performed a comparison of five detailed line-by-line models and 20 GCM radiation schemes. The spread of line-by-line model results were consistent with the ±10% uncertainty estimate for the LLGHG RFs adopted in Ramaswamy et al. (2001) and a similar ±10% for the 90% confidence interval is adopted here.”
19. C. Lorius et al (1990) – The ice-core record: climate sensitivity and future greenhouse warming – Nature 347:139-145 – 13/09/1990 – http://www.atmos.washington.edu/2006Q2/211/articles_required/Lorius90_ice-core.pdf
    “Recently ice cores (box) from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and, in particular, the Vostok record, which spans a full glacial-interglacial cycle, have allowed documentation of the relationship between greenhouse radiative forcing (CO₂ and CH₄) and climate over a period of large climate changes.”
20. Reto Knutti and Gabriele C. Heger (2008) – The equilibrium sensitivity of the Earth’s temperature to radiation changes – Nature Geoscience 735-743 – Advance Online Publication – Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh – http://www.iac.ethz.ch/people/knuttir/papers/knutti08natgeo.pdf “The quest to determine climate sensitivity has now been going on for decades, with disturbingly little progress in narrowing the large uncertainty range. However, in the process, fascinating new insights into the climate system and into policy aspects regarding mitigation have been gained. The well-constrained lower limit of climate sensitivity and the transient rate of warming already provide useful information for policy makers. But the upper limit of climate sensitivity will be more difficult to quantify.”

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