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1. Richard – And now for Amazongate – EUReferendum 25/01/2010 – http://eureferendum.blogspot.com/2010/01/and-now-for-amazongate.html
   “The IPCC also made false predictions on the Amazon rain forests, referenced to a non peer-reviewed paper produced by an advocacy group working with the WWF. This time though, the claim made is not even supported by the report and seems to be a complete fabrication. Thus, following on from «Glaciergate», where the IPCC grossly exaggerated the effects of global warming on Himalayan glaciers – backed by a reference to a WWF report – we now have «Amazongate», where the IPCC has grossly exaggerated the effects of global warming on the Amazon rain forest.”
2. Andy Rowell and Peter F. Moore (2000) – Global review of forest fires – WWF, Forests for Life; IUCN, Forest Conservation Programme – http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/commande/downpdf.aspx?id=9793&url=http://www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2000-047.pdf – Peer reviewed
   “Ground-breaking research by scientists from WHRC and IPAM reveals worrying trends about deforestation, El Niño and fire in the Amazon. The scientists found that up until 1997/98 fire had been largely confined to areas used for agriculture or grazing and had not posed a major threat to intact forests. However the “drought of 1998-which built on an earlier drought in 1997-signalled the effective penetration of fire into forest ecosystems across much of the region and the possible initiation of a positive feedback loop in which rainforests are replaced by fire-prone vegetation” (ref). The researchers found that in two regions of the eastern Amazon, accidental fires have affected nearly 50 per cent of the remaining forest, and had caused significantly more deforestation than intentional clearing in recent years.”
3. Daniel C. Nepstad et al (1999) – Large-scale impoverishment of Amazonian forests by logging and fire – Nature 398, 505-508 doi: 10.1038/19066 – Woods Hole Research Center- 12 authors – http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v398/n6727/full/398505a0.html – Peer reviewed
   “Here we present field surveys of wood mills and forest burning across Brazilian Amazonia which show that logging crews severely damage 10,000 to 15,000km2 yr-1 of forest that are not included in deforestation mapping programmes. Moreover, we find that surface fires burn additional large areas of standing forest, the destruction of which is normally not documented. Forest impoverishment due to such fires may increase dramatically when severe droughts provoke forest leaf-shedding and greater flammability; our regional water-balance model indicates that an estimated 270,000km2 of forest became vulnerable to fire in the 1998 dry season. Overall, we find that present estimates of annual deforestation for Brazilian Amazonia capture less than half of the forest area that is impoverished each year, and even less during years of severe drought. Both logging and ®re increase forest vulnerability to future burning.”
4. Daniel C. Nepstad et al (1994) – The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures – Nature 372:666-669 doi: 10.1038/372666a0 – 15/12/2002 – Woods Hole Research Cente – 10 authors – http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v372/n6507/abs/372666a0.html – Peer reviewed
   “Deforestation and logging transform more forest in eastern and southern Amazonia than in any other region of the world1–3. This forest alteration affects regional hydrology4–11 and the global carbon cycle12–14, but current analyses of these effects neglect an important deep-soil link between the water and carbon cycles. Using rainfall data, satellite imagery and field studies, we estimate here that half of the closed forests of Brazilian Amazonia depend on deep root systems to maintain green canopies during the dry season. Evergreen forests in northeastern Pará state maintain evapotranspiration during five-month dry periods by absorbing water from the soil to depths of more than 8m. In contrast, although the degraded pastures of this region also contain deep-rooted woody plants, most pasture plants substantially reduce their leaf canopy in response to seasonal drought, thus reducing dry-season evapotranspiration and increasing potential subsurface runoff relative to the forests they replace.
5. Daniel C. Nepstad et al (2004) – Amazon drought and its implications for forest flammability and tree growth: a basin-wide analysis – Global Change Biology 10:704–717 doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00772.x – The Woods Hole Research Center – 9 authors – http://www.whrc.org/resources/published_literature/pdf/NepstadetalGCB.04.pdf – Peer reviewed
   “Approximately one-third of Amazon forests became susceptible to fire during the 2001 ENSO period. Field measurements also suggest that the ENSO drought of 2001 reduced carbon storage by approximately 0.2 Pg relative to years without severe soil moisture deficits. RisQue is sensitive to spin-up time, rooting depth, and errors in ETestimates. Improvements in our ability to accurately model soil moisture content of Amazon forests will depend upon better understanding of forest rooting depths, which can extend to beyond 15 m. RisQue provides a tool for early detection of forest fire risk.
6. Daniel C. Nepstad (2007) – Mortality of Large Trees And Lianas Following Experimental Drought In An Amazon Forest – Ecology, 88:2259–2269 – Woods Hole Research Center – http://terra.whrc.org/resources/published_literature/pdf/NepstadetalEcol.07.pdf – Peer reviewed
   “Overall, lianas proved more susceptible to drought-induced mortality than trees or palms, and potential overstory tree species were more vulnerable than midcanopy and understory species. Large stems contributed to 90% of the pretreatment live aboveground biomass in both plots. Large-tree mortality resulting from the treatment generated 3.4 times more dead biomass than the control plot. The dramatic mortality response suggests significant, adverse impacts on the global carbon cycle if climatic changes follow current trends … Current emissions of carbon to the atmosphere from tropical deforestation comprise approximately one-fifth of global average anthropogenic emissions (Prentice et al. 2001), and these emissions could increase through the combined effect of severe episodic drought and fire.”

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