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Information Council on the Environment

Industry Council on the Environment (ICE) – Industry Council on the Environment (ICE) – http://ice-texas.org/
“Founded in 1989 as the Industry Advisory Group, the council assumed the name Industry Council on the Environment (ICE) in 1991, as it expanded its scope to include a broad range of environmental issues (Regulatory-Legislative/Water/Air/Waste-TRRP/PST) impacting various Texas businesses today. ICE’s mission is to be an active partner with government and industry, promoting the development, understanding and use of reasonable environmental policy.”

Bob Burton and Sheldon Rampton (1977) – Thinking Globally, Acting Vocally: The International Conspiracy to Overheat the Earth – PR Watch, 21/09/1977 – http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1997Q4/warming.html
“In 1991, a U.S. corporate coalition including the National Coal Association, the Western Fuels Association and Edison Electric Institute created a PR front group called the «Information Council for the Environment» (ICE) and launched a $500,000 advertising and public relations blitz as the first salvo in a campaign to, in ICE’s own words, «reposition global warming as theory (not fact).”

Bob Burton and Sheldon Rampton (1977) – Thinking Globally, Acting Vocally: The International Conspiracy to Overheat the Earth – PR Watch, 21/09/1977 – http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1997Q4/warming.html
“The ICE was run by Bracy Williams & Co., a Washington-based P.R. firm. Using opinion polling, it identified «older, less-educated males from larger households who are not typically active information-seekers» and «younger, lower-income women» as «good targets for radio advertisements» that would «directly attack the proponents of global warming . . . through comparison of global warming to historical or mythical instances of gloom and doom.»”

Ivan Amato (1991) – Can PR Cool the Greenhouse? – Science 252:1784-1785 doi:10.1126/science.252.5014.1784-e
“So why the ad campaign? The Information Council for the Environment is funded by a group of electric utilities, coal companies, and manufacturers, which are among the targets of proposed legislation that would impose energy taxes and regulations in order to curb emission of greenhouse gases. To beef up its credibility, the council enlisted three of the half-dozen or so outspoken greenhouse dissidents among United States scientists: Robert Balling and Shenvood Idso ofArizona State University and Patrick Michaels of the University of Virginia. If the ad campaign goes national, the greenhouse debate could be in for even stormier times. ”

Ross Gelbspan – Big Coal’s Funding of Skeptics (1998) – The Heat is Online – 01/01/1998 – http://www.heatisonline.org/contentserver/objecthandlers/index.cfm?ID=4462&Method=Full
“The year before the 1992 United Nations Conference on the Environment in Rio, a coalition of coal and utility companies launched a disinformation campaign designed by a public relations firm to create the Information Council on the Environment (ICE). The plan specified the use of three so-called «greenhouse skeptics» — Drs. Robert Balling, Pat Michaels and Sherwood Idso — in broadcast appearances, op-ed articles and newspaper interviews in selected markets. The goal of the campaign was to «reposition global warming as theory rather than fact.”

Ross Gelbspan (1998) – The Heat Is on: The Climate Crisis, the Cover-Up, the Prescription – Basic Books (Perseus Books Group) – Pulitzer Price – ISBN-13: 978-0738200255 – 288 Págs.
“The campaign was clever of not accurate. One newspaper advertisement prepared by the ICE, for example, was headlined: ‘If the earth is getting warmer, why is Minneapolis getting colder?’ (Data indicate that the Minneapolis area has actually warmed between 1 and 1.5 degrees Celsius in the last century.).”

Ross Gelbspan (1998) – The Heat Is on: The Climate Crisis, the Cover-Up, the Prescription – Basic Books (Perseus Books Group) – Pulitzer Price – ISBN-13: 978-0738200255 – 288 Págs.
“In interviews, Michaels has insisted that he dissociated himself from the ICE campaign when he learned of what he called its ‘blatant dishonesty’. But he apparently had no qualms about accepting money to publish his own journal, World Climate Review.” (p. 41)

Myanna Lahsen (2005) – Technocracy, Democracy, and U.S. Climate Politics: The Need for Demarcations – Science Technology & Human Values 30:137-169 doi:10.1177/0162243904270710 – Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Colorado; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Epaciais (INPE), Sao José dos Campos, Brazil
“Internal ICE documents [ref] outlined the strategies for the campaign, which included the following: “Reposition global warming as theory (not fact),” “target print and radio media for maximum effectiveness,” “achieve broad participation across the entire electric utility,” and “use a spokesman from the scientific community.” ICE enlisted Robert Balling, Sherwood Idso, and Patrick Michaels, described by the Science article as “three of a half-dozen or so outspoken greenhouse dissidents among United States scientists” (Science 1991, 1784). The ICE documents also described the organization’s strategy of targeting less-educated segments of the population, which ICE test marketing had identified as most receptive to its message. The company placed some of its ads during the shows of media pundit Rush Limbaugh. Limbaugh’s TV and radio shows enjoy weekly audiences of about twenty million people and spread Limbaugh’s ICE-resonating claims that there is “little scientific evidence” behind the theories of global warming and ozone depletion. Limbaugh boldly but wrongly claimed that his views are “validated by virtually every new study being done, with the exception of those using solely computer models” (Limbaugh 1994, 197).”

Eve Conant, Sam Stein, Eleanor Clift, Matthew Philips – Global-Warming Deniers: A Well-Funded Machine – Newsweek, 13/08/2007 – http://www.newsweek.com/id/32482
“Individual companies and industry associations – representing petroleum, steel, autos and utilities, for instance – formed lobbying groups with names like the Global Climate Coalition and the Information Council on the Environment. ICE’s game plan called for enlisting greenhouse doubters to «reposition global warming as theory rather than fact,» and to sow doubt about climate research just as cigarette makers had about smoking research.”

Wiki – Information Council on the Environment – Wikipedia, 24/10/2008 – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Council_on_the_Environment
“The Information Council on the Environment (ICE), was a U.S. organization created by the National Coal Association, the Western Fuels Association, and Edison Electric Institute. ICE launched a $500,000 advertising and public relations campaign to, in ICE’s words, «reposition global warming as theory (not fact).» Patrick Michaels, Robert Balling and Sherwood B. Idso all lent their names in 1991 to its scientific advisory panel.”

Wiki – Politicization of science – Wikipedia, 03/11/2008 – Wikipedia – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politicization_of_science
“Both sides of the controversy over global warming have accused each other of politicizing the science behind climate change … In 1991, a US corporate coalition including the National Coal Association, the Western Fuels Association and Edison Electric Institute created a public relations organization called the «Information Council on the Environment» (ICE). ICE launched a $500,000 advertising campaign to, in ICE’s own words, «reposition global warming as theory (not fact).”