- Alan H. Teramura (1983) – Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on the growth and yield of crop plants – Physiologia Plantarum 58:415–427 doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb04203.x – Published online: 28/04/2006 – Department of Botany, University of Maryland – Peer-reviewed
“Approximately 30% of the species tested were resistant, another 20% were extremely sensitive, and the remainder were of intermediate sensitivity, in terms of reductions in total dry weight. In addition to this sizable interspecific variability, there appears to be a similarly wide intraspecific variability in UV-B response.” - Youfei Zheng et al (2003) – Yield and yield formation of field winter wheat in response to supplemental solar ultraviolet-B radiation – Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 120:279-283 doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.022 – Published online: 24/12/2003 – Department of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology – 5 authors – Peer-reviewed
“Results suggested that the supplemental UV-B can cause the decrease of yield of winter wheat up to 24% with 11.4% increased UV-B. Supplemental UVB decreased dry matter accumulation most during the jointing–booting stage when the leaf area index (LAI) was the greatest. In addition, the supplemental U-VB appeared to effect the distribution of dry matter but did not effect the net assimilation ratio of the wheat.” - Gloria L. Manney et al (2011) – Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011 – Nature doi:10.1038/nature10556 – Published online: 02/10/2011 – Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology – 25 authors – Peer-reviewed
“The persistence of a strong, cold vortex from December through to the end of March was unprecedented. In February – March 2011, the barrier to transport at the Arctic vortex edge was the strongest in either hemisphere in the last ~30 years.” - Gavin Schmidt (2004) – Why does the stratosphere cool when the troposphere warms? – Real Climate – Published online: 25/02/2005 – – http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2004/12/why-does-the-stratosphere-cool-when-the-troposphere-warms/
“Even though the stratosphere has an opposite lapse rate to the troposphere because of the ozone absorption, the effect of increasing GHGs is the same, i.e. since it is above the effective radiating level, it will cool. The cooling will be greatest as you go higher. In the troposphere, there are important other effects that change the temperature, cheifly moist convection, and that smears out the temperature changes you expect from a pure radiative atmosphere. So while the troposphere does warm as a function of increasing GHGs, the maximum change is not at the surface, but actually in the mid-troposhere.” - William J. Randel et al (2009) – An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends – Journal of Geophysical Research 114, D02107, doi:10.1029/2008JD010421 – Published online: 23/01/2009 – National Center for Atmospheric Research – http://acd.ucar.edu/~randel/2008JD010421.pdf – 17 authors – Peer-reviewed
“The results show mean cooling of 0.5–1.5 K/decade during 1979–2005, with the greatest cooling in the upper stratosphere near 40–50 km. Temperature anomalies throughout the stratosphere were relatively constant during the decade 1995–2005. Long records of lidar temperature measurements at a few locations show reasonable agreement with SSU trends, although sampling uncertainties are large in the localized lidar measurements. Updated estimates of the solar cycle influence on stratospheric temperatures show a statistically significant signal in the tropics (30N–S), with an amplitude (solar maximum minus solar minimum) of 0.5 K (lower stratosphere) to 1.0 K (upper stratosphere).” - Committee on Abrupt Climate Change, Ocean Sutidies Board, Polar Research Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council (2002) – Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises – National Academy of Sciences – Published online: 01/01/2002 – National Academy of Sciences – http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309074347
- “What defines a climate change as abrupt? Technically, an abrupt climate change occurs when the climate system is forced to cross some threshold, triggering a transition to a new state at a rate determined by the climate system itself and faster than the cause. Chaotic processes in the climate system may allow the cause of such an abrupt climate change to be undetectably small.”
- Achim Brauer et al (2008) – A abrupt wind shift in Western Europe at the onset of the Youner Dryas cold period – Nature Geoscience 8:520-523 doi:10.1038/ngeo263 – Published online: 01/08/2008 – GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences – 5 authors – Peer-reviewed
“Our data indicate an abrupt increase in storminess during the autumn to spring seasons, occurring from one year to the next at 12,679 yr BP, broadly coincident with other changes in this region. We suggest that this shift in wind strength represents an abrupt change in the North Atlantic westerlies towards a stronger and more zonal jet. Changes in meridional overturning circulation alone cannot fully explain the changes in European climate6, 7; we suggest the observed wind shift provides the mechanism for the strong temporal link between North Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation and European climate during deglaciation.” - Richard B. Alley (2000) – The Younger Dryas cold interval as viewed from central Greenland – Quaternary Science Reviews 19:213-226 – Published online: 01/01/2000 – Department of Geosciences and Environment Institute, The Pennsylvania State University – http://www.pages.unibe.ch/products/books/qsr2000-papers/alley.pdf – Peer-reviewed
“Near-simultaneous changes in ice-core paleoclimatic indicators of local, regional, and more-widespread climate conditions demonstrate that much of the Earth experienced abrupt climate changes synchronous with Greenland within thirty years or less. Post-Younger Dryas changes have not duplicated the size, extent and rapidity of these paleoclimatic changes.”
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La humanidad se encuentra frente a una de las mayores disyuntivas que cabe imaginar. El sistema climático terrestre parece haber sido definitivamente desestabilizado, mientras la inmensa mayoría de la población vive ajena a un fenómeno llamado a marcar nuestras vidas de forma determinante y abrumadora. Comunidad científica, medios de comunicación y clase política se encuentran aturdidos por el fenómeno y sin respuestas adecuadas a la magnitud del desafío. Cuando las élites fracasan, es la hora de la gente.
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